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马克思世界历史理论的三重向度

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物质生产方式、财产所有制形式,连同人的交往模式一并构成马克思历史唯物主义学说的重要支点,这三个方面也构成马克思剖析世界历史和社会形态变迁以及人类境遇转换的线索:其一,以社会性的大生产必然取代自然性的小生产为由,在对资本主义社会的生灭机理进行局部诊断之余,达至有关人类社会演进脉络的总体透视;其二,以社会所有制终将克服财产私有制为证,在对资本主义文明怎样突破地域限制并取得世界意义的内在动力进行实证分析之后,完成有关更高级文明何以可能的逻辑想象;其三,以"人"的社会性交往应当统摄"物"的社会性交换为凭,在对资本主义制度中人类生存境遇的固有矛盾和革新潜质进行过往回溯之际,实现有关自由人联合体行将出场的未来预期.世界历史的辩证演绎进路体现为:以"物"为尺度的资本主义"生产方式—私有制形式—交往模式",既是对前现代的社会形态、文明构型乃至人类境遇的否定,又被以"人"为尺度的"社会性生产—个人所有制—自由人联合体"所否定.这预示,资本主义只是世界历史的过渡环节,而共产主义才是真正的开端.
Threefold Dimensions of Marx's Theory of World History
Material production,property ownership,and individual communication are important ful-crums of historical materialism theory,and have become clues for Marx to analyze the changes in world history and social forms,as well as the transformation of human circumstances.First-ly,on the grounds that social mass production is bound to replace natural small-scale produc-tion a general perspective on the evolution of human society has been achieved,in addition to a partial diagnosis of the mechanism of the establishment and perishment of capitalist society;Secondly,on the premise that social ownership will eventually overcome private ownership of property,and with an empirical analysis of the inner dynamics of how capitalist civilization breaks through territorial limitations and achieves global significance,it completes the logical i-magination of how a higher civilization is possible;And thirdly,on the basis that the social in-teraction of"human beings"should dominate the social exchange of"things",the future antic-ipation of the imminent emergence of the association of free people is realized in the context of a retrospective look at the inherent contradictions and the potential for renewal of the human condition in the capitalist system.According to the dialectical progression of world history,Ma-rx identified that capitalism is nothing but a transitional link in world history and communism is the true beginning.

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武汉大学马克思主义学院(湖北省武汉市,430072)

世界历史 唯物史观 社会形态 文明构型 人类境遇

国家社会科学基金

21CZX009

2024

南京大学学报(哲学·人文科学·社会科学)
南京大学

南京大学学报(哲学·人文科学·社会科学)

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.005
ISSN:1007-7278
年,卷(期):2024.61(2)
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