首页|流动人口子女流动类型划分与返迁儿童特征研究

流动人口子女流动类型划分与返迁儿童特征研究

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随着中国流动人口规模急剧增长及结构深度分化,流动人口后代出现了许多新的变化.借鉴国外移民相关研究理论,对国内流动人口子女实际状况进行比较分析,提出了"返迁儿童"的概念及甄别方法,并将流动人口子女划分为四种类型:留守儿童(Ⅰ类)、随迁儿童(Ⅱ类)、二代流动儿童(Ⅲ类)和返迁儿童(Ⅳ类).利用2016 年和 2018 年的全国流动人口动态监测数据对四类儿童进行分析,发现四类儿童年龄结构、性别比情况存在明显差异.留守儿童、随迁儿童的年龄偏大;二代流动儿童、返迁儿童的年龄整体偏小.随迁儿童、留守儿童性别比偏高;返迁儿童、二代流动儿童性别比较为均衡.流动人口受教育程度越高,其孩子留守在老家(留守儿童)的比例越低;随着流动人口流动范围的扩大,其子女中随迁儿童和二代流动儿童的比例也逐渐降低.流动人口子女类型分化由户籍制度、流入地社会政策和经济发展水平以及流动人口自身经济水平导致.流入地相关部门应做好资源配置,保障流动人口子女权益;流出地社区也应为留守和返迁儿童与其父母流入地建立沟通机制,助力这些孩子身心健康发展.
Study on the Classification of the Children's Mobility Types and the Returnee Children's Characteristics of the Floating Population
With the rapid growth of China's floating population and the deep differentiation of its structure,there have been many new changes in the offspring of the floating population.Based on the relevant research theories of foreign immigrants,this paper compares and analyzes the actual situation of the children of the floating population in China,puts forward a concept of"returnee children"and a screening method,and di-vides the children of the floating population into four types:left-behind children(type Ⅰ),migrant children(type Ⅱ),second-generation migrant children(type Ⅲ)and returnee children(type Ⅳ).By the dynamic monitoring data of the floating population in 2016 and 2018,the four categories of children are analyzed,and the age structure and sex ratio of the four categories of children are found to be significantly different.The o-verall age of left-behind children and accompanying children is relatively old;the age of second-generation mi-grant children and returnee children is generally young.The sex ratio of migrant children and left-behind chil-dren is higher;The sex ratio of returnee children and second-generation migrant children is more balanced.The higher the education level of the floating population,the lower the proportion of their children left behind in their hometown(left-behind children);With the expansion of the range of the floating population,the pro-portion of migrant children and second-generation migrant children among their children has gradually de-creased.The differentiation of the children of floating population is caused by the household registration sys-tem,the social policy and the economic development level of the destination,and the economic level of the floating people.The relevant departments in the inflow areas should do a good job in resource allocation and protect the rights and interests of the children of the floating population.Local communities should also do a good job of communication between left-behind and returnee children and their parents in the immigration places,so as to help those children develop physically and mentally.

children of floating populationsecond-generation migrant childrenreturnee childrenleft-be-hind childrenmigrant childrenchildren's well-being

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曲靖师范学院 法律与公共管理学院,云南 曲靖 655011

流动人口子女 二代流动儿童 返迁儿童 留守儿童 随迁儿童 儿童福祉

2021年国家社会科学基金西部项目2021年云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目2022年云南省教育厅科学研究基金教师类项目曲靖师范学院2022年校级创新团队项目2023年曲靖市社科联·曲靖师范学院哲学社会科学联合专项项目

21XRK004202205AC1600032023J1017ZSLH2023ZD04

2024

10.14132/j.2095-7963.2024.01.002

人口与社会
南京人口管理干部学院

人口与社会

CHSSCD
影响因子：0.592
ISSN：1007-032X
年,卷(期)：2024.40(1)
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