Marx believed that the developmental trend of world history is the realization of communism,through which humanity achieves freedom and liberation.He divided world history into two major phases:the first phase being the era of class societies(prehistory)characterized by intense class strug-gles,and the second phase being the period where classes,states,and nations fade away.This latter stage marks the end of prehistory and the true beginning of world history.However,in the first phase,despite continuous advancements in productive forces and evolving social relations,the inherent con-tradictions between productive forces and relations of production consistently led to one"particular class"overthrowing another"particular class",resulting in a cyclical and repetitive"cyclical pattern"in world history.With the globalization of capitalist contradictions,there inevitably emerges a"universal class"representing the common interests of all humanity.This class is no longer a"particular class"as seen in the past,and it can thus act as the primary agent of world history,ushering in a new historical phase where class,state,and nationality fade away.This phase constitutes a communist society based on common ownership,fundamentally eliminating the"cyclical pattern"of world history.
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