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效力瑕疵合同返还不能时折价补偿的计算标准

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《民法典》第157条规定效力瑕疵合同返还不能时应折价补偿,但并未对折价补偿的计算标准作具体规定.对此主要有客观价额说与主观价额说两种观点.《九民纪要》坚持以双方约定价款作为折价补偿的计算标准,并对标的物的涨跌以平均分摊为原则,综合考虑多种要素予以适当倾斜.《九民纪要》中的这一主观价额标准以及相关规定存在一定问题.最高院在《合同编通则解释》中对《九民纪要》作了部分修正,采用了以客观价额标准为主的计算标准,但在如何确定评估客观价额的时间以及合理方式等问题上仍有待进一步完善和补充.折价补偿原则上应采客观价额标准,但实施中也存在一些例外.在因转售标的物等情况产生增值或贬值时,相应的增值或贬值部分应在折价补偿时全部归于得利人.标的物客观价额的评估时间点应为财产移转时,对其估价方式的选择应遵循比例原则.
Calculation Criteria for Compensation in the Unwinding of Failed Contracts
Article 157 of the Civil Code stipulates that the recipient of a failed contract must compensate for its value if he is unable to make restitution,but it does not specify the calculation criteria for compensation.There are two main views on this issue:the objective criteria and the sub-jective criteria.The Ninth Minutes of the National Courts'Civil and Commercial Trial Work insists on the subjective criteria.And it gives preference to the portion of the value added or diminished by the goods on the principle of equal sharing,taking into account a combination of factors.There are some problems with these provisions.The Supreme People's Court's Interpretation of the General Provisions of the Contract Book of the Civil Code partially corrects these problems,but there is still room for improvement.By Compensation should in principle be based on objective criteria,but there are some exceptions.In the case of an appreciation or depreciation in value,for example as a result of the resale of the goods,the corresponding appreciation or depreciation shall accrue exclusively to the recipient.The moment at which the objective value of the goods is assessed is the transfer of as-sets.The method of valuing the goods must follow the principle of proportionality.

compensationfailed contractsunwindingunjust enrichmentallocation of risk

李永军、李昶

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中国政法大学民商经济法学院 北京100088

折价补偿 效力瑕疵合同 返还清算 不当得利 风险负担

国家社会科学基金重大项目

18ZDA141

2024

南京社会科学
南京市社会科学界联合会 南京市社会科学院 中共南京市委党校

南京社会科学

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.998
ISSN:1001-8263
年,卷(期):2024.(3)
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