Market research from 2023 reveals that the annual average malfunction rate for medium and high horsepower tractors stands at approximately 145%.To expedite the identification of malfunctions in tractors post-occurrence,an a-nalysis and aggregation of three real-world repair cases were conducted.This investigation demonstrates the utility of a set of diagnostic principles for tractor malfunctions in the analysis process.These principles encompass integrating struc-ture with underlying principles;elucidating symptoms for detailed analysis;progressing from straightforward to complex cases,and from external appearances to internal mechanisms;and segmenting by system for logical deduction and selec-tion.Employing these diagnostic principles for malfunction analysis can swiftly pinpoint the causes of failure,thereby enhancing work efficiency,making it suitable for widespread application.