Monotropein improves sepsis-associated acute kidney injury and dysfunction by regulating the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
Objective:To investigate the effect of monotropein(MON)on sepsis-associated acute kidney injury(S-AKI)induced by cecum ligation and puncture(CLP)in mice and the underlying mechanisms.Methods:A total of 90 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a negative control(NC)group,a Sham group,a CLP group,a CLP+MON group,a Sham+MON group,and a CLP+dexamethasone(DEX)group.Drug or equivalent saline was injected intraperitoneally once daily for consecutive five days after CLP.After all mice were euthanized on day 5,serum and kidney tissues were collected for subsequent experiments.Blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and creatinine(CRE)concentrations in the serum were detected by biochemical kits,as well as renal oxidative stress related indicators,such as glutathione(GSH),catalase(CAT),total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels.The pathological changes of renal tissues were observed by the H&E staining,and the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in renal tissues stained with dihydroethidium(DHE)were observed by laser confocal microscopy.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-6 in the serum and kidney tissues were detected by ELISA and RT-qPCR.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of NLR family pyrin domain containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome and nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.In addition,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)/adenosine triphosphate(ATP)was used to induce HK-2 cells to establish an in vitro sepsis model.Cell experiments were divided into a NC group,a LPS/ATP group,a LPS/ATP+MON group,a NLRP3OE+LPS/ATP+MON group and a IKKβOE+LPS/ATP+MON group.CCK-8 was used to detect the cell viability,and ELISA was used to detect the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in HK-2 cells.Results:Compared with the CLP group,the survival rate of mice in the CLP+MON group was significantly increased,the appearance of renal tissues was restored from black to bright red,the serum BUN and CRE levels were significantly decreased,and the abnormal pathological changes of renal tissues with increased inflammatory cells were significantly improved.Compared with the CLP group,the levels of TNF-α,IL-1 β,and IL-6 were significantly decreased,GSH,CAT,and T-AOC levels were increased,and MDA and ROS levels were significantly decreased in the MON treatment group.Western blot results showed that compared with the CLP group,the expression levels of NLRP3,Caspase-1,Cleaved-Caspase-1,and p-NF-κB P65 protein in the CLP+MON group decreased significantly,but the expression levels of ihibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B α(IκBα)increased significantly.In addition,NLRP3OE+LPS/ATP+MON group and IKKβOE+LPS/ATP+MON group activated NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway,and reversed the inhibitory effect of MON on inflammatory cytokines in the LPS/ATP-stimulated HK-2 cells,compared with the LPS/ATP+MON group.Conclusion:MON reduces the release of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway to improve mouse S-AKI and dysfunction.
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