摘要
萨特曾认为马克思主义哲学是不可超越的,其辩证法哲学在一定程度上体现了对这种哲学的"亲近".为此,重新阐释萨特辩证法对马克思哲学的解读将有利于澄清这种"亲近"关系.萨特辩证法可以通过物质、对象和超越性这三个概念来加以重构,并据此说明萨特关于超越性的含义、物质与超越性的关系以及物质与对象的实在关联方式这三个问题.但是,萨特和马克思哲学在辩证法的整体化方向、物质概念的基础、对物质超越性的理解以及物质与对象的关联方式上存在着重要区分.萨特对马克思哲学的"亲近"其实蕴藏着真正的界限.这种"偏离"或者"误读"主要根源于萨特"实践"概念的虚弱及其对辩证法范围的窄化.
Abstract
Sartre once believed that Marxist philosophy was transcendent and his dialectical philosophy to some ex-tent reflected an"affinity"with this philosophy to a certain extent.Therefore,reinterpreting Sartre's dialectical interpre-tation of Marxist philosophy would be beneficial in clarifying this"affinity"relationship.Sartre's dialectical philosophy can be reconstructed through the concepts of materiality,object,and transcendence,and based on this,it can explain:1)Sartre's views on transcendence;2)the relationship between materiality and transcendence;and 3)the real correlation between materiality and object.However,there are significant differences between Sartre and Marxist philosophies in the direction of dialectical synthesis,the foundation of the concept of materiality,the understanding of material transcen-dence,and the relationship between materiality and object.As such,Sartre's"affinity"with Marxist philosophy actually harbors true limitations.This"deviation"or"misinterpretation"mainly stems from the weakness of Sartre's concept of"praxis"and the narrowing of the scope of dialectics.
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