Historically,the fundamental issues of causation in criminal law have received little attention in aca-demic circles,leading to a holistic deviation in understanding criminal law causation.The basic issues of criminal law causation consist of five aspects:1)the scope of application;2)judicial function;3)theoretical mission;4)judgment model;and 5)criteria for establishment.From the perspective of types of offenses,all crimes that include a result of harm in the conditions for establishing criminal liability or sentencing require an examination of criminal law causation.From the perspective of types of cases,only those cases that involve a result of harm need to assess criminal law causa-tion.Criminal law causation may impact both conviction and sentencing,manifesting in six distinct scenarios.The mis-sion of the theoretical doctrine of criminal law causation is to determine the major premises of the syllogistic model of criminal law causation,specifically by setting appropriate criteria for establishing criminal law causation,rather than merely identifying the factual connection between actions and results.The judgment of criminal law causation should fol-low the"cause before responsibility"model.This approach balances the scientific and normative aspects of criminal law causation,preventing the conflation of factual judgment with normative judgment.The criteria for establishing criminal law causation are diverse.More precisely,the criteria for result attribution are monistic,while the criteria for result liabil-ity are pluralistic.
Causal Relationship in Criminal LawResult AttributionResult ImputationMonismPluralism
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