摘要
四川清音是流行于四川、重庆等地的民间小调,在笔者的考据中,早在宋代就有"清音"这一类联曲体的曲艺形式,宋代清音当中的"唱赚"及宋元时期"诸宫调"是构成四川清音源起的前身,之后四川清音又吸收了明清时期重庆、四川等地本土小调的音乐元素.但四川清音的特殊之处是在其曲牌唱腔中,可以找到湖南、湖北、福建、陕西等地区的小曲与民歌,这是由于清代历史上"湖广填四川"、战时重庆、四川作为重要通商口岸等历史、政治、经济原因造成的,四川清音也由此形成了兼容并蓄的演唱与表演风格.20世纪六七十年代,四川清音演唱家李月秋与程永玲在国际上相继获奖,将四川清音的发展推至高潮.进入新世纪,随着文化环境的演变,四川清音也如同诸多非物质文化遗产一样,面临着现代性发展与传承的问题,迎来新的挑战.
Abstract
"Sichuan Qingyin"is popular in Sichuan,Chongqing and other places of folk minor tune,in the author's research,as early as the Song Dynasty there was a"Qingyin"such a type of conjunction of the art form,the Song Dynasty Qingyin in the"singing",Song Yuan"Zhugong tune"is the predecessor of the origin of Sichuan Qingyin,and then Sichuan Qingyin originated from the local minor tune in Chongqing,Sichuan and other places in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.But the special feature of"Sichuan Qingyin"is that in its song card singing can be found in Hunan,Hubei,Fujian,Shaanxi and other regional ditties and folk songs,which is due to the history of the Qing Dynasty"Huguang filling Sichuan",wartime Chongqing,Sichuan as an important trade port and other historical,political,economic factors,Sichuan Qingyin also formed a unique singing and performance style,in the sixties and seventies of the last century,Li Yueqiu and Cheng Yongling won awards in the international community also pushed the development of Sichuan Qingyin to a climax,but into the new century,With the evolution of the cultural environment,Sichuan Qingyin,like many intangible cultural heritages,is facing the problem of the development and inheritance of modernity.
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