摘要
[目的]明确种植密度对蚕豆农艺性状和产量的影响,探索蚕豆在内蒙古中西部地区的最佳种植密度.[方法]以蒙蚕1 号和蒙蚕 2 号蚕豆为试验材料,于 2022 年和 2023 年采用随机区组设计,设置D1(9 万株/hm2)、D2(12 万株/hm2)、D3(15 万株/hm2)、D4(18 万株/hm2)、D5(21 万株/hm2)5个种植密度,分析不同种植密度对蚕豆主要农艺性状、产量性状、产量及经济效益的影响.[结果]蚕豆株高随种植密度的增加呈现增加趋势,总分枝数和单株有效分枝数随种植密度的增加呈现减少趋势.随着种植密度的增加,蚕豆的主要产量性状、产量和经济效益呈先升高后降低的趋势;不同种植密度表现为:D4>D3>D5>D2>D1.D4处理下,蒙蚕1号和蒙蚕2号产量达到最大值,2022年分别为2 089.74﹑2 210.66 kg/hm2,2023年分别为2 152.15﹑2 249.66 kg/hm2;蒙蚕1号和蒙蚕2号纯收入也达到最大值,2022年分别为13 439.76﹑14 478.16元/hm2,2023年分别为13947.97﹑14739.54元/hm2.[结论]蚕豆在内蒙古中西部地区最佳种植密度为18 万株/hm2,在该密度下蚕豆农艺性状表现较好,产量和经济效益最佳.
Abstract
[Objective]Clarify the effects of planting densities on the agronomic traits and yield of broad beans,to explore the optimal planting density of broad beans in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia.[Methods]In 2022 and 2023,using Mengcan No.1 and Mengcan No.2 broad beans as experiment materials and randomized block design,five planting densities,D1(90 000 plants/hm2),D2(120 000 plants/hm2),D3(150 000 plants/hm2),D4(180 000 plants/hm2),and D5(210 000 plants/hm2)were set up to analyze the effects of different planting densities on the main agronomic traits,yield traits,yield and economic benefits of broad beans.[Results]The plant height of broad beans had increasing trend with the increase of planting densities,while the total number of branches and effective branch number per plant had decreasing trend.With the increase of planting densities,the main yield traits,yield and economic benefits of broad beans had the trends of first increase and then decrease.The performance of different planting densities were:D4>D3>D5>D2>D1.Under D4 treatment,the yield of Mengcan No.1 and Mengcan No.2 were highest at 2 089.74,2 210.66 kg/hm2 in 2022 and 2 152.15,2 249.66 kg/hm2 in 2023,the net income were highest as well at 13 439.76,14 478.16 yuan/hm2 in 2022 and 13 947.97,14 739.54 yuan/hm2 in 2023.[Conclusion]The optimal planting density for broad beans in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia was 180 000 plants/hm2.Under this density,the agronomic traits of broad bean performed well,the yield and economic benefits were the best.
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