摘要
[目的]探讨内蒙古阴山北麓地区马铃薯生产中有机肥替代化肥的施用效果及适宜替代比例.[方法]试验在内蒙古呼和浩特市武川县进行,设 100%M(100%有机肥)、75%M(75%有机肥+25%化肥)、50%M(50%有机肥+50%化肥)、25%M(25%有机肥+75%化肥)、NPK(单施化肥,N 210 kg/hm2、P2O5 120 kg/hm2、K2O 180 kg/hm2)、不施氮肥(PK)、不施磷肥(NK)、不施钾肥(NP)8 个处理,分析不同有机肥替代比例对马铃薯产量、养分积累量、肥料利用率和水分利用效率的影响.[结果]不同有机肥替代比例下,25%M处理马铃薯产量、大薯产量、小薯产量和单株薯个数最高,分别为 31 812、18 250、13.56 kg/hm2 和 7.90,较NPK处理分别提高了3.14%、2.22%、4.39%和23.82%;25%M处理马铃薯植株干物质积累量增幅最大,氮素积累量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);施入有机肥可以提高马铃薯肥料利用率,50%M处理的氮肥利用率最高,为 43.94%;25%M处理的磷肥、钾肥利用率最高,分别为17.57%、60.95%;25%M处理氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的农学效率最高,分别为 35.86%、38.98%和 25.00%;25%M处理水分利用效率最高,为 125.81 kg/(hm2·mm)显著高于其他处理(P<0.05).[结论]25%M处理(25%有机肥+75%化肥)可以提高马铃薯产量、养分积累量、肥料利用率,增加水分利用效率,是内蒙古阴山北麓地区马铃薯生产适宜的施肥方式.
Abstract
[Objective]To explore the application effect and suitable substitution ratio of organic fertilizer substitute chemical fertilizer in potato production in the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.[Methods]The experiment was conducted in Wuchuan County,Hohhot City,Inner Mongolia.Eight treatments were set up,including 100%M(100%organic fertilizer),75%M(75%organic fertilizer + 25%chemical fertilizer),50%M(50%organic fertilizer + 50%chemical fertilizer),25%M(25%organic fertilizer+75%chemical fertilizer),NPK(chemical fertilizer only,N 210 kg/hm2,P2O5120 kg/hm2,K2O 180 kg/hm2),no nitrogen fertilizer(PK),no phosphorus fertilizer(NK),and no potassium fertilizer(NP).The effects of different organic fertilizer substitution ratios on potato yield,nutrient accumulation,fertilizer utilization rate,and water use efficiency were analyzed.[Results]Under different organic fertilizer substitution ratios,yield,large tuber yield,small tuber yield,and number of tubers per plant of 25%M treatment were highest at 31 812,18 250,13.56 kg/hm2,and 7.90,respectively.Increased by 3.14%,2.22%,4.39%,and 23.82%compared with NPK treatment.25%M treatment had the highest increase of potato dry matter accumulation amount,and significantly higher(P<0.05)N accumulation amount compared with other treatments.Organic fertilizer increased potato fertilizer utilization rate,with 50%M treatment having the highest nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate at 43.94%.25%M treatment had the highest phosphorus and potassium fertilizer utilization rate at 17.57%,60.95%and highest agronomic efficiencies of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer at 35.86%,38.98%,and 25.00%,respectively.25%M treatment had the highest water use efficiency at 125.81 kg/(hm2·mm),significantly higher(P<0.05)than other treatments.[Conclusion]25%M(25%organic fertilizer + 75%chemical fertilizer)treatment increased potato yield,nutrient accumulation,and fertilizer utilization rate,improved water use efficiency,was the optimal fertilization method for potato production in the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.
基金项目
内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(2023CXJJN20)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD190050504)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据