Study on the overwintering physiological characteristics of garlic under different sowing dates
[Objective]Explore the effects of different sowing dates on the growth,development,and physiological characteristics of garlic of Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province,to clarify the optimal sowing period for garlic in the region.[Methods]Using Xusuan 3 as experimental material,10 sowing dates were set up in 2022,including September 20(T1),September 25(T2),September 30(T3),October 5(T4),October 10(T5),October 15(T6),October 20(T7),October 25(T8),October 30(T9)and November 4(T10).The plant height,pseudostem height,leaf length,leaf width,pseudostem thickness,fresh and dry weight of root,pseudostem,and leaf,as well as leaf chlorophyll content,relative conductivity,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,soluble protein content,free proline content,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,peroxidase(POD)activity,and catalase(CAT)activity during the overwintering and greening periods were tested.[Results]During the overwintering period,T4 sowing date had the highest garlic leaf length(43.33 cm),leaf width(2.18 cm),and pseudostem thickness(11.14 mm);lowest relative conductivity(14.76%);low MDA content(0.142μmol/g);highest free proline content(2.99 μg/g);and highest POD activity(291.00 U/g).T5 sowing date had the highest pseudostem height(2.53 cm),with significant differences(P<0.05)compared to other sowing dates;highest root fresh and dry weight(3.91,0.49 g),pseudostem fresh and dry weight(7.34,1.23 g),leaf fresh and dry weight(10.34,2.33 g);highest total chlorophyll content(0.892 mg/g)and soluble protein content(1.93 mg/g),with significantly differences(P<0.05)compared to other sowing dates;low MDA content(0.142 μmol/g);and highest SOD(283.78 U/g)and CAT(11.38 U/g)activities.During the greening period,the T4 sowing date had the highest garlic plant height(51.73 cm);highest roots dry weight(1.04 g);lowest relative conductivity(20.58%);highest free proline content(6.31 μg/g);and highest POD activity(128.72 U/g).The T5 sowing date had the highest psuedostem height(15.60 cm),leaf length(38.10 cm),and psuedostem thickness(17.07 mm);highest root fresh weight(5.66 g),psuedostem fresh and dry weight(29.00,4.89 g),leaf fresh and dry weight(27.80,3.77 g);highest total chlorophyll content(1.016 mg/g);lowest MDA content(0.049 μmol/g),with significant differences(P<0.05)compared to other sowing dates;highest soluble protein content(2.33 mg/g);highest SOD(276.31 U/g)and CAT(10.30 U/g)activities.[Conclusion]When the sowing dates were October 5 and October 10,garlic plates had good growth and strong cold resistance,were the suitable sowing dates for Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province.
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