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东北寒旱区大豆-玉米间作种植模式技术优化

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[目的]探索适宜东北寒旱区生态条件的大豆-玉米间作模式。[方法]采用单因素随机区组设计，设置优化前大豆-玉米行比 2∶2 模式(BO-S2∶M2)、4∶4 模式(BO-S4∶M4)、4∶2 模式(BO-S4∶M2)、6∶4 模式(BO-S6∶M4)，优化后大豆-玉米行比 2∶2 模式(AO-S2∶M2)、4∶4 模式(AO-S4∶M4)6 种处理，以单作大豆、单作玉米为对照，对各间作模式的生育进程、土地当量比、净效应、补偿效应、选择效应及经济效益进行分析。[结果]间作模式下，大豆生育期与单作大豆相比延迟2～3 d;各间作模式的土地当量比均大于 1，与单作相比作物增产 13%～36%;AO-S2∶M2 模式净效应达到 317。04 kg/hm2，显著高于其他模式(P<0。05);在各间作模式中，AO-S2∶M2 模式的补偿效应最大，且显著高于BO-S2∶M2 模式(P<0。05);与优化前相比，AO-S2∶M2 模式选择效应增加了 46。90%。AO-S2∶M2、AO-S4∶M4 与单作玉米相比均表现为增收，分别增收 38。16、9。33 元/hm2;各间作模式与单作大豆相比均表现为增收，增幅为 53。39～379。74 元/hm2。通过主成分分析对各间作模式综合评价，AO-S2∶M2模式综合评分最高(2。11)，其次是AO-S4∶M4模式(0。62)。[结论]种植技术优化后的大豆-玉米2∶2、4∶4间作模式优势突出，其中优化后大豆-玉米行比 2∶2模式间作优势最大，在东北寒旱区更具推广价值。
Technical optimization of soybean-maize intercropping pattern in cold and arid region of northeast China
[Objective]To explore a soybean-maize intercropping pattern suitable for the ecological conditions in the cold and arid regions of northeast China.[Methods]A one-way random block design was used to set up six treatments:2∶2 pattern(BO-S2∶M2),4∶4 pattern(BO-S4∶M4),4∶2 pattern(BO-S4∶M2)and 6∶4 pattern(BO-S6∶M4)of soybean-maize row ratio before optimization,and 6∶2 mode(AO-S2∶M2)and 4∶4 mode(AO-S4∶M4)after optimization,monoculture corn,monoculture soybeanwere used as control.The fertility process of each intercropping pattern land equivalent ratio,net effect,compensating effect,selection effect and economic benefits were analyzed.[Results]Compare with monocropping soybean under intercropping patterns,the growth period of soybean was delayed by 2-3 days compared with that of monoculture soybean.The land equivalent ratio of each intercropping mode was greater than 1,and the crop yield increased by 13%-36%compared with monoculture.The net effect of AO-S2∶M2 pattern was 317.04 kg/hm2,which was significantly higher than that of other patterns(P<0.05).Among the intercropping patterns,the AO-S2∶M2 pattern had the largest compensating effect,which was significantly higher than that of the BO-S2∶M2 pattern(P<0.05).Compared with the pre-optimization period,the AO-S2∶M2 pattern selection effect increased by 46.90%.Compared with monoculture maize,AO-S2∶M2 and AO-S4∶M4 increased by 38.16 and 9.33 yuan/hm2,respectively.Compared with monoculture soybean,all intercropping patterns showed an increase of 53.39-379.74 yuan/hm2.Principal component analysis(PCA)showed that the AO-S2∶M2 pattern had the highest comprehensive score of 2.11,followed by the AO-S4∶M4 pattern(0.62).[Conclusion]The advantages of 2∶2 and 4∶4 intercropping patterns of soybean-maize after optimization of planting technology are prominent,and the intercropping mode of soybean-maize after optimization has the greatest advantage over the 2∶2 intercropping mode,which has more promotion value in cold and arid region of northeast China.

Cold and arid region of northeast ChinaSoybeans-maize intercroppingCultivation patternLand equivalent ratioEconomic benefits

田磊、张悦忠、孙继颖、梁红伟、周一民、于长生、艾俊国、刘玉龙、吴菲、苑志强

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扎赉特旗农牧和科技事业发展中心,内蒙古扎赉特旗 137600

内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010019

内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010031

东北寒旱区 大豆-玉米间作 种植模式 土地当量比 经济效益

国家重点研发计划项目

2023YFD2301805

2024

10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.03.02

北方农业学报
内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 内蒙古自治区农学会

北方农业学报

CSTPCD
影响因子：0.316
ISSN：2096-1197
年,卷(期)：2024.52(3)