摘要
[目的]探讨不同肥料替代部分化学氮肥对马铃薯农田土壤水氮利用效率以及马铃薯生长发育和产量的影响,揭示内蒙古阴山北麓农牧交错区马铃薯田不同肥料替代化学氮肥的保墒增产作用机制.[方法]以内蒙古阴山北麓农牧交错区主栽马铃薯品种华颂7 号为供试材料,于 2022 年和 2023 年在平衡施用氮磷钾肥的情况下,设置不施用氮肥(CK)、氮肥习惯施用(NPK)、80%氮肥施用(RN)、80%氮肥施用+20%水溶肥(RN+WF)、80%氮肥施用+20%腐熟羊粪(RN+SM)、80%氮肥施用+20%生物有机肥(RN+BM)、80%氮肥施用+20%缓释尿素(RN+RUN)7 个处理,分析不同肥料替代部分氮肥处理对 0～80 cm土层土壤水分垂直分布变化以及马铃薯生长发育、产量和水氮利用效率的影响.[结果]2022 年和2023 年,不同肥料替代部分氮肥处理 0～80 cm土层土壤含水量均低于CK;全生育期马铃薯田土壤耗水量均以RN+SM处理最高,较CK分别提高 5.14%、6.59%;马铃薯全生育期单株干物质积累量以RN+SM处理最高,较CK分别增加19.70%、18.93%;不同肥料替代部分氮肥处理马铃薯产量较CK显著提高(P<0.05),增产幅度为 3.40%～23.73%,以RN+SM处理最为明显;不同肥料替代部分氮肥处理马铃薯水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力均以RN+SM处理最高,水分利用效率较CK提高 17.68%、44.71%,氮肥偏生产力较NPK提高 36.78%、42.38%.[结论]80%氮肥施用+20%腐熟羊粪可以增加马铃薯单株干物质积累量,提高马铃薯产量和土壤水氮利用效率,是适合内蒙古阴山北麓农牧交错区马铃薯种植的理想施肥模式.
Abstract
[Objective]To explore the effects of different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers on soil water and nitrogen use efficiency,as well as potato growth,development,and yield,and to reveal the mechanism of soil moisture retention and yield increase of different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers in potato fields in the agricultural pastoral transitional zone of northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.[Methods]The local dominant potato variety Huasong No.7 grown in the agricultural pastoral transitional zone of northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia was used as the test material.In 2022 and 2023,under the condition of balanced application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,a total of seven nitrogen application types were set up,including zero nitrogen fertilizer(CK),traditional nitrogen fertilizer level(NPK),80%of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level(RN),80%of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20%of water-soluble fertilizer(RN+WF),80%of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20%of decomposed sheep manure(RN+SM),80%of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20%of bio-organic fertilizer(RN+BM),80%of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20%of control-released urea(RN+RUN).Analyzed the impacts of replacing partial chemical nitrogen fertilizer with different fertilizers on the vertical distribution of soil moisture in 0-80 cm soil layer as well as potato growth and development,yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency.[Results]In 2022 and 2023,lower soil moisture in 0-80 cm soil layer was observed in the different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers treatments compared with that of CK.RN+SM treatment had the highest soil water consumption of potato fields in the whole growth period,which was 5.14%and 6.59%higher than that of CK,respectively.RN+SM treatment had the highest dry matter accumulation per plant of potato in the whole growth period,which was increased by 19.70%and 18.93%compared with CK,respectively.The potato yields of different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers treatments were significantly elevated compared with CK(P<0.05),and the yield increase ranged from 3.40%to 23.73%,and the most obvious increase in RN+SM treatment.The water use efficiency and partical-factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of potatoes treated with different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers were highest in RN+SM treatment,with water use efficiency increased by 17.68%and 44.71%compared to CK,and partical-factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 36.78%and 42.38%compared to NPK.[Conclusion]The 80%of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20%of decomposed sheep manure can increase the dry matter accumulation per plant of potato,improve potato yield,soil water and nitrogen use efficiency,it is an ideal fertilization model for potato planting in the agricultural pastoral transitional zone of northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.
维普
万方数据