The Coordination and Integration of the Dual Management System in Eastern Inner Mongolia during the Mid-to—Late Qing Dynasty——A Study Centered on Social Governance
During the Qing Dynasty,the League Banner system was established in Inner Mongolia,and then,the administrative system of the mainland was set up.This led to the formation of a dual management system.To address the issues of institutional conflicts in local social governance,in the two leagues of Jusutu and Zhaowuda,Qing Court appointed council member of the Lifan Yuan to over-see the adjudication of cases brought by Mongolian and Civilians(民人)and to manage tax administra-tion,thereby enhancing the local social governance system.In the Jirim League,the Three Eastern Provinces garrison General Yamen and Shengjing Board of Justice were responsible for the adjudication of cases and established the land bureau to oversee the management of Mongolian Banner land tenancy.The operation of the land bureau had achieved the coordination and integration of the authorities of the League,the Banner,the Ting Xian(Zhou,Fu)and other parties.In the context of the national mod-ernization transformation during the late Qing Dynasty,the land bureau played a certain role in the process of the dual system reform.
The Qing DynastyEastern Inner MongoliaDual Management SystemSocial Gov-ernanceLand Bureau
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