RESEARCH PROGRESS OF MicroRNAs IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GYNECOLOGIC TUMORIGENESIS
microRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of small,non-coding miRNAs encoded by endogenous genes that are in-volved in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression in plants and animals,and regulate gene expression after tran-scription.Not only do they play a key role in physical development,but they are also key regulators of cell cycle,apoptosis,and differentiation.The production of mature miRNAs requires several critical steps.First,primary miRNAs(pri-miRNAs)is pro-duced by RNA polymerase II(PolII)transcription in the nucleus.Pri-miRNAs is further processed by the Drosha/DGCR8 com-plex to synthesize single hairpin precursor miRNAs(pre-miRNAs).Pre-miRNAs is exported into the cytoplasm by export pro-tein 5(XPO5)and cleaved by Dicer,in which mature miRNAs are formed after cleavage of the end loops.MiRNAs bind to target mRNAs in complementary sequences and play a regulatory role.Studies have shown that more than 30%of protein-coding genes are regulated by miRNAs.The dysregulation and dysfunction of miRNAs are associated with human diseases,and the ab-errant expression of miRNAs is thought to be an important process in carcinogenesis.This article reviews the research status of microRNAs in the occurrence and development of gynecological tumors.
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