MicroRNAs在妇科肿瘤发生发展中的研究进展
RESEARCH PROGRESS OF MicroRNAs IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GYNECOLOGIC TUMORIGENESIS
南丁 1魏芳2
作者信息
- 1. 山西医科大学第二临床医学院,山西 太原 030000
- 2. 山西医科大学第二医院妇产科,山西 太原 030000
- 折叠
摘要
microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类小RNA分子,在植物和动物的基因表达调控中发挥着重要作用,miR-NAs不参与蛋白质的直接合成,而是转录后基因表达的重要调控因子.它们不仅在身体发育中起着关键作用,也是细胞周期、凋亡和分化的关键调节因子.成熟miRNAs的产生需要几个关键步骤.首先,在细胞核中经由RNA polymerase II(PolII)转录完成聚腺苷酸化和封顶产生primary miRNAs(Pri-miRNAs).Pri-miRNAs通过Drosha/DGCR8复合物进一步加工合成hairpin precursor miRNAs(pre-miRNAs).Pre-miRNAs通过输出蛋白5(XPO5)输出到细胞质中,并被Dicer切割,在这一过程进行末端环的切割后形成成熟的miRNAs.miRNAs以互补序列结合靶mRNA,发挥调控作用.研究表明,超过30%的蛋白质编码基因受miRNAs调控.miRNAs的失调和功能障碍与人类疾病有关,miRNAs的异常表达被认为是癌症发生的重要过程.本文就microRNAs在妇科肿瘤发生发展中的研究现状进行综述.
Abstract
microRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of small,non-coding miRNAs encoded by endogenous genes that are in-volved in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression in plants and animals,and regulate gene expression after tran-scription.Not only do they play a key role in physical development,but they are also key regulators of cell cycle,apoptosis,and differentiation.The production of mature miRNAs requires several critical steps.First,primary miRNAs(pri-miRNAs)is pro-duced by RNA polymerase II(PolII)transcription in the nucleus.Pri-miRNAs is further processed by the Drosha/DGCR8 com-plex to synthesize single hairpin precursor miRNAs(pre-miRNAs).Pre-miRNAs is exported into the cytoplasm by export pro-tein 5(XPO5)and cleaved by Dicer,in which mature miRNAs are formed after cleavage of the end loops.MiRNAs bind to target mRNAs in complementary sequences and play a regulatory role.Studies have shown that more than 30%of protein-coding genes are regulated by miRNAs.The dysregulation and dysfunction of miRNAs are associated with human diseases,and the ab-errant expression of miRNAs is thought to be an important process in carcinogenesis.This article reviews the research status of microRNAs in the occurrence and development of gynecological tumors.
关键词
microRNA/妇科/恶性肿瘤Key words
microRNA/gynecology/malignant tumors引用本文复制引用
基金项目
山西省自然科学研究项目(20210302123272)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据