As one of the main power devices in production and daily life,the internal combustion engine plays an important role in many fields.However,with the rapid development of renewable energy and electric technol-ogy,internal combustion engines are facing challenges.Therefore,this article summarizes and summarizes the working principle and core accessories of internal combustion engines,and conducts a detailed investigation of their development trends and application prospects.Focusing on the future blueprint of internal combustion en-gine research,analyzing its improvement direction to meet the requirements of sustainable development,and loo-king forward to the application prospects of internal combustion engines and their accessories,providing refer-ence and experience for research in this field,to promote innovation and development of internal combustion en-gine technology,and achieve efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion.