Mechanisms by which tRNA-derived fragments(tRFs)regulate gene expression and the development of related diseases
Transfer RNA(tRNA)derived fragments(tRNA-derived fragments,tRFs)are a new class of regulatory non-coding RNAs with unique biological functions in stress-induced diseases and cancer.Cells must synthesize new proteins to maintain their lifespan,and tRNAs are important components of the protein translation process.Mature tRNAs and precursor tRNAs are cleaved into two types according to different enzymatic cleavage sites:tRNA halves(tiRNAs,28-36 nt)and tRFs(14-30 nt).The former contains two subclasses:5'-tiRNAs and 3'-tiRNAs,and the latter is divided into five subclasses:tRF-1,tRF-2,tRF-3,tRF-5,and i-tRF.tRFs regulated gene expression by interacting with other types of RNAs or proteins,and are abnormally expressed in a variety of diseases,they play an important role in a lot of diseases,such as neurodegenerative diseases and viral infections,and they are abnormally expressed in many cancers,such as gastric and liver cancers,etc.This article provides a review of the progress of research on tRFs in human diseases.
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