Objective:The study investigates the risk factors for the occurrence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)after percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL),aiming to provide reference for the development of strategies to prevent and treat SIRS.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 97 patients who underwent PCNL at the Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University from January 2019 to December 2020.The patients were divided into SIRS group and non-SIRS group based on the presence or absence of SIRS after surgery.The differences in gender,age,BMI,hypertension,diabetes,preoperative WBC count,perirenal fat stranding(PFS),stone size,surgical approach,and operative time were compared between the two groups.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the risk factors for the occurrence of SIRS.Results:The two groups showed no statistically significant differences in terms of gender,age,BMI,hypertension,diabetes,stone size,surgical approach,and operative time(all P>0.05).However,there were statistically significant differences in preoperative WBC count and PFS between the two groups(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis,incorporating BMI,diabetes,preoperative WBC count,PFS,surgical approach,and operative time,revealed that a positive preoperative WBC count and the presence of PFS were independent risk factors for the occurrence of SIRS(P<0.05).Conclusion:The occurrence of SIRS after PCNL is correlated with preoperative positive WBC count and the presence of PFS.Focusing on preoperative WBC count and PFS,providing adequate antimicrobial treatment when necessary may be an impor-tant measure to reduce the occurrence of SIRS.