反不正当竞争法"商业数据专条"规范构造的反思与重塑
Reflection and Reshaping of"Commercial Data Article"Normative Construction of Anti-Unfair Competition Law
袁波1
作者信息
- 1. 上海财经大学 法学院,上海 200433
- 折叠
摘要
随着数据的要素价值日益凸显,在数据确权未果的情况下,《反不正当竞争法》对数据爬取行为的规制演变为商业数据保护规则,立法者在修法中欲引入"商业数据专条".然而基于数据基础制度和相关裁判经验的考察,可发现其条文构造值得商榷.在客体要件上,该条款将对相关数据采取技术管理措施作为适用前提,既有损经营自主权、产权激励效应和数据分类保护要求,也不符合其评估行为正当性而非适法性的功能定位,应删去该限定.在行为要件上,违反约定类数据获取协议爬取他人数据属于私法自治范畴,无需诉诸《反不正当竞争法》,对非约定类数据获取协议附加"正当、合理"要求并不妥适,因为这只是搜索引擎应用场景下的自律内容,完全可通过对商业道德的实质性审查来实现.在后果要件上,实质性替代规则仅充当违法性分析因素而非判断依据,且其规范内涵不清、适用标准不一,在有关违法性判断条款射程范围足以覆盖的情况下,无需叠床架屋式的重复.
Abstract
As the significance of data as a factor of production has increased,the regulation of data crawling in the Anti-Unfair Competition Law has evolved into commercial data protection rule in the absence of confirmation of data rights.This shift is evi-denced by the legislator's intention to introduce a"commercial data article"in the amendment of the law.Nevertheless,an anal-ysis of the basic data systems and relevant case law reveals that the structure of its provisions is open to question.In terms of the object element,the article takes the technical management measures of the relevant data as a prerequisite for its applica-tion.This is detrimental to several factors,including operational autonomy,property rights incentive effect and data classifica-tion and protection requirements.Furthermore,it is not aligned with the function of evaluating the legitimacy of behaviour rath-er than its legality.Therefore,the qualification should be deleted.In terms of behavioural elements,the violation of the agree-ment on access to data falls within the scope of private law autonomy,obviating the need to resort to anti-unfair competition leg-islation.Furthermore,it is not appropriate to attach the requirement of"justified and reasonable"to the agreement on access to non-agreed types of data,given that this is solely the self-regulatory content of the search engine application scenarios,which can be fully achieved through the substantive review of business ethics.This can be achieved through a comprehensive exami-nation of business ethics.With regard to the elements of consequences,the substantive substitution rule serves merely as an an-alytical factor of illegality,rather than as a basis for judgment.Its normative connotation is unclear,and its application stan-dards are distinct.Therefore,there is no need to reiterate the relevant provisions on judgment of illegality in a stacked manner when the scope of the relevant provisions on illegality is sufficient to cover.
关键词
反不正当竞争法/"商业数据专条"/数据获取/不正当竞争/数据确权Key words
anti-unfair competition law/"commercial data article"/data crawling/unfair competition/confirmation of data rights引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据