The Duality and Continuity of the Concept of"All Under Heaven"
"All Under Heaven"is a unique concept in traditional Chinese political culture,which also provides important ideo-logical resources for the innovation of modern Chinese political thought.In the context of modern thought,"All Under Heaven"is mainly discussed as a concept of a global political order or international system.However,in classical Chinese political thought,"All Under Heaven"is first and foremost a public form of state,known as the Huaxia state,and then a universal politi-cal order imagination based on this form of state.Therefore,the traditional concept of"All Under Heaven"has both global and national meanings,and the two are unified on the basis of public political concepts.This unique political order concept has con-tinued to this day and has had a profound impact on the development of modern Chinese political concepts and the debate be-tween cosmopolitanism and nationalism.The analysis of the duality and continuity of the"All Under Heaven"concept can also provide a useful critical perspective for the recent debates in the Chinese intellectual community about the"All Under Heaven"system.
"All Under Heaven"cosmopolitanismnationalismthe global system/"All Under Heaven"system
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