Effects of blends of controlled-release and conventional nitrogen fertilizers on nitrogen utilization efficiency and gaseous nitrogen loss in summer maize cropland
Summer maize is an important staple food crop in China.The Huanghuaihai Plain is the main production area for summer maize,and stabilizing the planting area and yield of summer maize is of great significance for ensuring national food security.Adopting high-efficiency nutrition management practices is critical for maintaining summer maize yields and for sustainable agricultural development.Controlled-release fertilizer is a novel nutrient-efficient and environment-friendly fertilizer that can provide available nutrients in the soil at controlled rates or concentration levels required for crop growth while maintaining the nutrients for a longer period.Controlled-release fertilizer can promote crop yield,simplify fertilizer application,save labor,improve nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),and reduce reactive nitrogen losses by better synchronization of nitrogen release and crop uptake.To determine the effects of the blends of controlled-release and conventional nitrogen fertilizers on summer maize yield,nitrogen utilization efficiency,and gaseous nitrogen loss,ammonia(NH3)volatilization was measured using the aeration method and nitrous oxide(N2O)emission was sampled using a static box and measured by gas chromatography.A field experiment was conducted using the summer maize cultivar Zhengdan 958,and five nitrogen fertilizer management treatments were established:no nitrogen fertilizer(CK),conventional nitrogen application(FFP),optimized nitrogen application(OPT),blends of controlled-release and conventional nitrogen fertilizers with 30%coated urea(CRBF30),and blends of controlled-release and conventional nitrogen fertilizers with 50%coated urea(CRBF50).For the CRBF30 and CRBF50 treatments,total nitrogen was applied simultaneously as basal fertilization.Summer maize yield,NUE,NH3 volatilization,and N2O emissions under different treatments were compared.The results showed that blends of controlled-release and conventional nitrogen fertilizers(CRBF30 and CRBF50 treatments)increased the yield of summer maize by 1.4%to 2.9%compared with FFP treatments(P>0.05),and a stable yield of summer maize was achieved under the conditions of nitrogen reduction and one-time fertilization.Compared with FFP,the nitrogen recovery efficiency(NRE)of the CRBF30 and CRBF50 treatments increased by 8.4 and 11.1 percentage points,respectively,with a significant difference in the CRBF50 treatment(P<0.05).Nitrogen partial factor productivity(NPFP)of CRBF30 and CRBF50 treatments increased by 8.87 kg·kg-1 and 9.86 kg·kg-1(P<0.05),respectively.Compared with FFP treatment,NH3 volatilization intensity and cumulative NH3 volatilization loss of the blends of controlled-release and conventional nitrogen fertilizers(CRBF30 and CRBF50 treatments)were reduced by 71.9%-73.5%(P<0.05)and 71.59%-72.66%(P<0.05),respectively.The N2O emission intensity and cumulative emission were significantly reduced by 34.5%-41.4%(P<0.05)and 33.7%-37.5%(P<0.05),respectively.In summary,blends of controlled-release and conventional nitrogen fertilizers can help ensure stable summer maize yields,improve NUE,and reduce gaseous nitrogen losses.
summer maizeblends of controlled-release and conventional N fertilizersnitrogen utilization efficiencyammonia volatilizationN2O emission
万方数据
维普
