Investigating the influence of short-term phosphorus depletion on phosphorus forms and the bacterial community in cinnamon soil
Phosphorus(P)fertilizer is crucial for high crop yields.However,excessive P application and its low utilization efficiency can lead to the accumulation of P in the soil,exacerbating the depletion of P resources and the risk of water eutrophication.Therefore,studying the depletion characteristics of accumulated P in the soil can provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficient utilization of accumulated P in the soil and reducing environmental risks.This study employed corn as the experimental crop and cinnamon soil with initial Olsen-P contents of 17.23 mg·kg-1(T1),40.20 mg·kg-1(T2),108.62 mg·kg-1(T3),and 181.33 mg·kg-1(T4)as the tested soil.Through controlled pot experiments,we consecutively cultivated five cycles of corn to deplete the accumulated P content in the soil.We analyzed changes in soil Olsen-P content,P forms(determined using an improved Hedley method),soil physicochemical properties,and bacterial community structure during the process of P depletion.During the process of P depletion in cinnamon soil,the Olsen-P content showed an overall decreasing trend,with higher initial levels resulting in greater declines.In the context of the active P component,treatment T1 displayed a significant increase,whereas treatments T2,T3,and T4 showed substantial decreases.The moderate decreases in active P content,exhibiting a trend of initially decreasing and then increasing during depletion,were primarily influenced by Dil.HCl-Pi and NaOH-Po.The stable P content showed an increase,primarily ascribed to the increased levels of Conc.HCl-Pi and Residual-P.Notable correlations existed between the content of soil-Olsen-P,organic matter,and various P forms(NaHCO3-Pi,NaHCO3-Po,and NaOH-Pi).P depletion altered the structure and composition of bacterial communities,with the T4 treatment demonstrating the most significant effect.At the phylum level,the T4 treatment induced a significant decline in the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria throughout the depletion process.The relative abundance of Gemmatimonadota and other taxa exhibited a significant increase during the depletion process.At the genus level,there was a pronounced reduction in the relative abundance of Nocardioides,norank_f_AKYG1722 and Arthrobacter throughout the depletion process.The relative abundance of norank_f_67-14 and Ramlibacte exhibited a marked increase throughout the depletion process.Multiple bacterial genera,ranking among the top 40 in relative abundance,exhibited significant correlations with Olsen-P,active P,and organic matter content.Nocardioides and Arthrobacter genera demonstrated the potential to expedite the transformation of moderately active P into Olsen-P and active P.In the context of microbial ecology,genera such as Microvirga and Skermanella were likely to harness stable P reservoirs within the soil.The impact of cinnamon soil P depletion on soil P availability was elucidated,revealing a substantial reduction in inorganic P(NaHCO3-Pi)content within the active P fraction and organic P(NaOH-Po)in the moderately active P fraction.Concurrently,there was an observable elevation in the stable P content of the soil.Within the realm of soil P dynamics,the intricate process of P depletion resulted in a complex interplay among taxonomic entities.This included a symbiotic interaction between phyla such as Actinobacteria and Firmicutes and specific genera such as Nocardioides,Microvirga,and Skermanella.These interactions intricately shaped and modulated the availability of P in the soil matrix.This study provides a theoretical basis for the transformation of P forms and microbial regulation during the process of P depletion in cinnamon soil,offering support for the utilization of accumulated P in the soil.
cinnamon soilP depletionolsen-PP formsoil propertybacterial community
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