Effects of long-term different fertilization on the structure and diversity of CO2-assimilating bacterial communities in wheat field soils
The study aimed to investigate the effects of different fertilization methods on the soil CO2-assimilating bacterial community structure and diversity in wheat fields in the North China Plain,providing data support for rational fertilization in agricultural fields in North China.Using the long-term fertilization experimental of the Environmental Monitoring Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs as the platform,high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to study the effects of five different fertilization methods:control without fertilization(CK),application of organic fertilizer alone(M),application of nitrogen fertilizer alone(N),application of inorganic fertilizer alone(NPK),and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers(MNPK),on the soil CO2-assimilating bacterial community structure and diversity in wheat fields.The results showed that:The Shannon diversity index of soil CO2-assimilating bacteria was highest under the MNPK treatment,significantly higher than those under M,N,NPK,and CK treatments;there were no significant differences in the Shannon indices between M,N,and NPK treatments and CK.The main factors influencing the α-diversity index of CO2-assimilating bacteria were microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,total nitrogen,and pH value.The relative abundance of dominant bacterial groups in the CO2-assimilating bacteria community of farmland soils in the North China Plain had changed.At the phylum level,Proteobacteria(96.11%-99.97%)was the dominant group;compared with CK,the four fertilization treatments significantly decreased the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria.At the class level,the dominant classes were Gammaproteobacteria(68.31%-89.14%),Alphaproteobacteria(4.29%-27.32%),and Betaproteobacteria(1.62%-7.71%);compared with CK,the N,NPK,and MNPK treatments significantly reduced the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria,while the M treatment significantly increased it;the NPK and MNPK treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria,while the M treatment significantly decreased it;all four fertilization treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of Betaproteobacteria.(3)Redundancy analysis results indicated that soil pH,microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,total soil organic carbon,and C/N ratio were the main factors affecting the changes in the community characteristics of soil CO2-assimilating bacteria.These results suggest that long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers is more conducive to microbial carbon sequestration in soil;a decrease in soil pH and nutrient accumulation are important reasons for changes in the soil CO2-assimilating bacteria community and diversity.
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