Effects of short-term biochar addition of cotton straw on the growth of Carex liparocarpos and Festuca arundinacea Schreb in alpine meadow
Field in situ and indoor culture pot tests were conducted in Bayanbulak Alpine grassland and Urumqi,respectively,to explore the effect of adding biochar with different application amounts and particle sizes on aboveground vegetation restoration in grasslands with different degrees of degradation.The observation plant in the field test was sedge,while that in the pot test was tall fesgrass.Three biochar particle sizes were used(0-0.25 mm,>0.25-1 mm,and>1-2 mm),and three biochar additions were used for each particle size(1%,2%,and 4%),with no carbon application as the control to evaluate the restoration effect.Biochar was applied to the mildly degraded(LD)and severely degraded(SD)zones,and nine biochar-addition treatments and one no-carbon treatment were applied.The vegetation survey was conducted 3 months after application.To explore the short-term restoration effects of nine different carbon application schemes on aboveground vegetation height,coverage,density,fresh biomass weight,and dry weight.The results showed that different carbon application treatments had different effects on plant indices in the field in situ and pot tests,but the T9(>1-2 mm/4%)treatment was the best for plant indices in mildly degraded and severely degraded areas.A two-factor analysis of variance showed that both biochar addition and degradation had significant effects on plant growth(P<0.01).The analysis of biochar application amount and grain size showed that the influence of grain size on plant growth was much greater than that of biochar application amount.The height,cover,density,fresh weight,and dry weight of the aboveground plants were evaluated using principal component analysis,and those of the T9 treatment were the highest in the field and pot experiments in the different degradation areas.Cotton stalk biochar could be used as an improved material for degraded alpine grasslands.Field and pot experiments showed that the short-term application of biochar could promote plant growth,and the effect of different particle sizes of biochar on plant growth was greater than that of the application amount.The effect of large particle size(1-2 mm)was higher than that of medium(>0.25-1 mm)and small(0-0.25 mm)particle sizes.The effect of the high application rate(4%)was higher than that of the medium(2%)and low application rates(1%).In the treatment design of this study,the plant growth index increased with increasing particle size and application amount,and the effect of biochar particle size on plants was greater than that of the application amount.The scheme with>1-2 mm/4%biochar addition is the best for the short-term restoration of mildly and severely degraded alpine grasslands.
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