首页|秸秆还田和种植制度对长江中游稻田温室气体排放的影响

秸秆还田和种植制度对长江中游稻田温室气体排放的影响

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  • 国家科技期刊平台
  • NETL
  • NSTL
  • 万方数据
为研究长江中游地区不同稻作种植制度下温室气体排放对秸秆还田的响应，本研究通过田间试验，连续监测秸秆还田和不还田条件下，双季稻、再生稻和春玉米-晚稻(玉稻)3种稻作模式甲烷(CH4)、氧化亚氮(N2O)排放通量及土壤理化性质和相关环境因子的变化差异。结果表明:双季稻和再生稻周年CH4累积排放量分别比玉稻模式高175。5%和203。4%(秸秆还田)及109。6%和126。4%(秸秆不还田);秸秆还田导致双季稻周年CH4累积排放量提高了31。4%，再生稻提高了33。9%，但对玉稻模式周年CH4累积排放没有显著影响。无论是否秸秆还田，玉稻模式周年N2O累积排放量显著高于双季稻和再生稻模式;秸秆还田导致玉稻模式周年N2O累积排放量增加36。3%，双季稻模式增加43。7%，但对再生稻模式周年N2O累积排放量没有显著影响。相关分析显示，CH4排放量与气温及土壤含水量呈显著正相关，与硝态氮呈显著负相关(P<0。05)，而N2O排放量与硝态氮、铵态氮呈显著正相关。在100年尺度CO2当量下，玉稻模式的周年全球增温潜势(GWP)显著低于双季稻和再生稻模式;相对于秸秆不还田，秸秆还田下双季稻模式的周年GWP显著增加31。8%，再生稻模式周年GWP显著增加32。8%，玉稻模式的周年GWP在秸秆还田和不还田下无显著差异。在所有处理中，周年GWP主要由CH4排放贡献，N2O排放引起的增温潜势占比较小，表明减少稻作系统CH4排放对减缓温室效应至关重要。无论秸秆是否还田，玉稻模式周年温室气体排放强度(GHGI)均低于双季稻和再生稻模式，秸秆还田对不同稻作系统的周年GHGI均无显著影响。综上所述，秸秆还田对温室气体排放的影响程度因稻作模式而异，玉米-晚稻轮作是一种生态环境友好型的稻田种植模式。
Interaction effects of straw returning and cropping systems on greenhouse gas emissions in rice fields in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River
Adopting straw-returning practices and modifying green cropping systems have been demonstrated to enhance soil health and increase crop productivity.However,the impact of straw returning on greenhouse gas emissions within various rice cropping systems along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River remains uncertain.In this study,the emission fluxes of methane(CH4)and nitrous oxide(N2O)and the changes in soil physicochemical properties and related environmental factors of three rice cropping systems,namely,double cropping rice,ratoon rice,and spring maize-late rice,were continuously monitored under the conditions of straw return to the fields and non-return to the fields through field experiments.The annual cumulative CH4 emissions were 175.5%and 203.4%(straw returned to the field)and 109.6%and 126.4%(straw not returned to the field)higher in the double cropping rice and ratoon rice system,respectively,than in the maize rice system.Straw returned to the field increased the annual cumulative CH4 emissions by 31.4%in the double cropping rice system and 33.9%in the ratoon rice system but did not significantly affect the annual cumulative CH4 emission of the maize-rice system.Regardless of whether the straw was returned to the field or not,the annual cumulative N2O emission of the maize-rice system was significantly higher than that of the double cropping rice and ratoon rice systems;the straw returned to the field increased the annual cumulative N2O emission of the maize-rice system by 36.3%and that of the double cropping rice system by 43.7%.However,it did not significantly affect the annual N2O cumulative emission of the ratoon rice system.Correlation analysis showed that CH4 emission was significantly positively correlated with air temperature and soil moisture content and significantly negatively correlated with nitrate nitrogen(P<0.05),while N2O emission was significantly positively correlated with nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen.The annual global warming potential(GWP)of the maize-rice system was significantly lower than that of the double cropping rice and ratoon rice systems at the 100-year scale CO2 equivalent.The annual GWP of the double cropping rice system was significantly increased by 31.8%,and the annual GWP of the ratoon rice system was significantly increased by 32.8%with respect to that of the non-returned straw,and there was no significant difference between the annual GWP of the maize-rice system with and without the return of the straw to the field.In all treatments,the annual GWP was mainly contributed by CH4 emission,and the warming potential due to N2O emission accounted for a relatively small proportion,indicating that reducing CH4 emission from rice cropping systems is essential for mitigating the greenhouse effect.Regardless of whether straw was returned to the field or not,the annual greenhouse gas emission intensity(GHGI)of the maize-rice system was lower than that of the double cropping rice and ratoon rice systems;straw return to the field and rice cropping system significantly affected the annual GHGI.In summary,the extent of the effect of straw return on greenhouse gas emissions varies according to the rice cropping system,and maize-late rice rotation is an ecologically and environmentally friendly rice cropping system.

ratoon ricemaize-rice cropping systemmethanenitrous oxideglobal warming potentialgreenhouse gas emission intensity

李心雨、邓姣、朱杰、李成伟、蒋梦蝶、刘章勇、聂江文、朱波

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长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北 荆州 434025

长江大学农学院主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心,湖北 荆州 434200

湖北省襄阳市农业科学院,湖北 襄阳 441000

再生稻 玉米水稻轮作 甲烷 氧化亚氮 全球增温潜势 温室气体排放强度

国家重点研发计划项目国家自然科学基金项目长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金项目长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金项目

2022YFE0209200-0431870424KF202308KF202309

2024

10.11654/jaes.2023-0814

农业环境科学学报
农业部环境保护科研监测所 中国农业生态环境保护协会

农业环境科学学报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.52
ISSN：1672-2043
年,卷(期)：2024.43(8)