摘要
本文基于重金属企业数据,分析了长江流域涉重金属重点企业污染空间分布特征,基于重金属污染"源-径-汇"过程,构建了企业重金属污染风险评价指标体系,并对长江流域企业重金属污染风险进行了评价.结果显示:企业及污染物排放口主要分布在中下游干流水系、鄱阳湖水系和太湖流域.江西、湖南、云南和四川是冶炼企业的主要分布地区,重金属污染物种类最多.污染源危险性较高的县域主要分布在江西、湖南、江苏和云南等地.污染物传输途径中高危险性县域主要分布在江西、江苏、安徽、湖南等地.污染受体脆弱性在上游四川、重庆,中游湖北以及下游地区表现出显著的集聚特征,中、高脆弱性县域主要分布在湖北、湖南、四川、安徽、重庆等地.长江流域约有14.26%的县域重金属污染综合风险等级为高或极高,中、高风险县域主要分布在江西、湖南和江苏等地,此外四川、云南、安徽、湖北和重庆部分县域有污染超标的风险,未来需要进一步采取防控措施降低污染风险.
Abstract
This study analyzes the spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution by key enterprises in the Yangtze River basin,utilizing data on heavy metal enterprises.Based on the"source-pathway-receptor"framework of heavy metal pollution,we have developed a risk assessment index system for enterprise heavy metal contamination.The assessment revealed that the enterprises and their discharge outlets were primarily located along the middle and lower reaches of the main river system,as well as the Poyang Lake and Taihu Lake basins.The provinces of Jiangxi,Hunan,Yunnan,and Sichuan were hotspots for smelting operations,exhibiting the greatest diversity of heavy metal pollutants.Counties with high risk from pollution sources were predominantly located in Jiangxi,Hunan,Jiangsu,and Yunnan.High-risk transmission pathways were mainly found in Jiangxi,Jiangsu,Anhui,and Hunan.Vulnerability of pollution receptors showed significant clustering in the upstream areas of Sichuan and Chongqing,the midstream region of Hubei,and downstream areas,with medium to high vulnerability predominantly in Hubei,Hunan,Sichuan,Anhui,and Chongqing.Approximately 14.26% of the counties in the Yangtze River basin were categorized at high or very high comprehensive risk levels for heavy metal pollution,with high-risk counties primarily distributed in Jiangxi,Hunan,and Jiangsu.Additionally,parts of Sichuan,Yunnan,Anhui,Hubei,and Chongqing face risks of exceeding pollution standards.Further preventive and control measures are necessary to mitigate pollution risks in the future.
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据