摘要
明代王徵在中西科技思想交汇影响下,设计了杠杆式灌溉农具鹤饮.它的主体结构由戽、转槽、函轴和绳索组成,设计精巧,高效省力.《新制诸器图说》是保存鹤饮图像的唯一来源,但其刻本系统绘图粗疏,失真问题层出叠生,故须经抄本校正后得以复原.明末至清中期,鹤饮曾在北方小范围内使用过,甚至还兼作泄洪、灭火工具.然而,因适用范围局限、制作繁难和高成本,鹤饮逐渐与农家生产、农民需求脱节,继而淡出历史舞台,成为传统农业文化中的一份遗产.
Abstract
Under the influence of the exchange between Chinese and western scientific and technological thoughts,Wang Zheng from the Ming Dynasty designed a lever-type irrigation tool named Heyin.Its main structure consisted of a bucket,a ro-tating trough,a shaft,and ropes,which was delicately designed,efficient,and labor-saving.Illustrations of the New Crafting Vessels is the only source that preserves the image of Heyin,but its engraved edition,due to the systematic roughness and distor-tions in drawing,requires restoration through corrections based on manuscript copies.The name of Heyin suggests elegance,aes-thetic appeal,and practical utility,imbued with strong cultural and literary undertones,evidently reflecting Wang Zheng's thoughtful considerations after much deliberation.From the late Ming Dynasty to the mid-Qing Dynasty,Heyin was used in a small region in the north,and even served as a flood relief and fire extinguishing tool.However,due to its limited applicability,complex manufacturing process and high cost,Heyin gradually became disconnected from agricultural production and farmers'needs,and then faded out of historical stage,leaving a legacy in traditional agricultural culture.
万方数据