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预防性文物保护行政公益诉讼制度的确立与开展

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在现代风险社会,事后救济型文物保护行政公益诉讼虽能有效地纠正和惩处损害文物的行政行为,但在事前并不能有效发挥预防文物公共安全风险的作用。为满足司法对文物公共利益全方位保护的客观需要,立法已确立预防性文物保护公益诉讼,细化该制度的适用规则亟须提上日程。当前,预防性文物保护行政公益诉讼面临着诉权主体单一、诉前检察建议督促作用有限、诉讼启动条件不明晰、举证规则不完全适用等现实困境,有必要在确认预防性公益诉讼构建可行性的基础上,着重从赋予社会组织起诉资格、完善诉前检察建议适用规则、明确诉讼启动条件、重构举证规则等方面进行调整,助力预防性文物保护行政公益诉讼制度稳步开展。
Implementation of Administrative Public Interest Litigation System for Preventive Cultural Relics Protection
In modern risk society,post remedy administrative public interest litigation for cultural relic protection can effectively correct and punish administrative actions that damage cultural relics,but it cannot effectively prevent cultural relic public safety risks beforehand.In order to meet the objective needs of the judiciary for the comprehensive protection of public interests in cultural relics,it is urgent to refine the applicable rules of the preventive cultural relics protection public interest litigation system,as the legality of this system has been established through legislation.At present,administrative public interest litigation for preventive cultural relics protection is facing practical difficulties such as a single subject of litigation rights,limited role of pre litigation prosecutorial suggestions and supervision,unclear conditions for initiating litigation,and incomplete application of evidentiary rules.Therefore,it is necessary to confirm the feasibility of constructing preventive public interest litigation,and focus on adjusting it from the aspects of granting social organizations the right to sue,improving the rules for applying pre litigation prosecutorial suggestions,clarifying the conditions for initiating litigation,and reconstructing the rules of evidence,to help steadily develop the administrative public interest litigation system for preventive cultural relics protection.

preventive public interest litigationcultural relics protectionrisk preventiondamages remedy

王宇琪、郭宇燕

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太原科技大学 法学院,山西 太原 030024

预防性公益诉讼 文物保护 风险预防 损害救济

2025

南阳师范学院学报
南阳师范学院

南阳师范学院学报

影响因子:0.187
ISSN:1671-6132
年,卷(期):2025.24(2)