The Security of Critical Mineral Supply Chains and Its Multi-level Regional Governance Approach in Southeast Asia
Under the background of the"double transformation"of energy and digitalization,and the"double regres-sion"of the competition of great powers and geopolitics,the development of the critical mineral supply chain has shown an obvious geopolitical trend.In Southeast Asia,a region which is a storage and production place of world-class critical miner-als,as well as a potential consumption place of critical minerals and a supply and demand market for final applications,the critical mineral supply chain is facing increasingly comprehensive security risks.This is mainly reflected in the fact that it involves multiple levels and economic,environmental,political,military,social and other fields from inside and outside the region,and is intertwined by the complex interaction of multiple actors such as the state,market and society,forming a regional security complex of the critical mineral supply chain.So far,ASEAN has promoted the security governance of criti-cal mineral supply chains in Southeast Asia through both intergovernmental and non-governmental approaches.It has also formed a multi-level regional governance process led by the mechanism of Mineral Ministers'meeting within the framework of the ASEAN Economic Community,supported by policy coordination among ASEAN countries,and combined with mech-anisms such as"ASEAN+3"as trans-regional coordination.In view of the internal fragility and external dependence of the governance process,ASEAN could strengthen the leadership of the strategy,the comprehensiveness of the fields,and the complementarity and synergy of the resources.
critical mineral supply chaincomprehensive securitymulti-level regional governanceSoutheast Asia
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