Critical Minerals Cooperation between China and ASEAN:Process,Challenge and Future Direction
Trade and investment cooperation in critical minerals industry has become an important component of coop-eration between China and ASEAN countries.The development momentum of the cooperation consists of three aspects:first-ly,the two sides are complementary in mineral resources and industrial capabilities;secondly,the Belt and Road Initiative and other regional cooperation frameworks have played a supporting role in critical mineral cooperation between China and regional countries;and thirdly,the two sides have close cooperation in the field of industrial transfer.Against this back-ground,China and ASEAN countries have achieved such achievements in critical mineral cooperation as that the mineral trade between the two sides has been expanding,that China's mining investment and industrial park construction projects in ASEAN countries continue to grow,and that the cooperation between China and regional countries in the fields of prospec-ting and geological research has been developing steadily.Of course,this bilateral cooperation is also affected by following factors as the localization policy of mineral processing in ASEAN countries,the"de-sinicization"policy of critical mineral supply chains led by the US,and ASEAN countries adhering to the policy of diversifying cooperation partners.Under such circumstances,China needs to support ASEAN countries to develop the downstream industrial chain of mineral processing,to help mining projects in ASEAN countries achieve green development with emerging technologies such as digital technolo-gy,and to cooperate with them to promote regional mining governance.
China-ASEAN"10+1"critical mineralsthe Belt and Road Initiative
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