摘要
三唑类杀菌剂因具有高效、广谱及持效期长的特点而被广泛应用于农作物病害防治.大量研究表明,随着三唑类杀菌剂的长期、广泛施用,大量未被有效利用的残留药剂进入土壤或滞留在植株上,最终通过雨水冲刷或地表径流进入水体,危害水生生物的安全.本文综述了三唑类杀菌剂在水环境中的残留现状,并从急性毒性、氧化应激毒性、发育毒性、遗传毒性、内分泌干扰效应、对机体代谢的影响及联合作用毒性等多个方面、多层次概述了该类杀菌剂暴露对鱼类、两栖类、溞类和藻类等水生生物的毒性效应研究进展,并展望了该类杀菌剂的未来研究重点和发展方向,旨在为三唑类杀菌剂的合理应用和有效管理提供参考,为减少三唑类杀菌剂对水生生态系统的影响提供理论依据.
Abstract
Triazole fungicides are widely used in crop disease prevention and control due to their high efficiency,broad spectrum,and long shelf-life.Numerous studies have shown that with the continuous application of triazole fungicides,a large number of residual pesticides that have not been effectively utilized enter the soil or remain on plants,and ultimately enter water bodies through rainwater erosion or surface runoff,posing a threat to aquatic organism saquatic organisms.This review comprehensively summarized the residue statuses of triazole fungicides in water environments and the research progress on the toxic effects of these fungicides on aquatic organisms,which were fish,amphibians,daphnia,and algae from multiple perspectives including acute toxicity,oxidative stress,developmental toxicity,genetic toxicity,endocrine disruption,impact on organism metabolism,and combined toxicity.Furthermore,this review also explored the research emphasis and future directions of the aquatic ecotoxicology of triazole fungicides,aiming to provide references for the rational application and effective management of triazole fungicides and lay a theoretical basis for reducing their impact on aquatic ecosystems.
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
维普
万方数据