摘要
巴基斯坦社会深深植根于原生性血缘纽带之中,家庭、比拉达利、部落和族群是定义个人社会地位并传达其信仰和行为的社会单位.作为南亚的重要历史文化遗产以及部分族群内部最重要的组织原则,比拉达利是联结着亲戚和朋友、个人和家族之间的网络,对于旁遮普省穆斯林的个人和家庭生活至关重要.在具体实践中,其含义远远超出了亲属关系本身,包含父系继嗣群、内婚群体、亲属群体、家户群以及社会制度等多层内涵,涉及婚姻、家庭、职业、种姓、政治等领域,构成了一种广泛存在的、深深植根于巴基斯坦社会的地方体系.与此同时,比拉达利提供了旁遮普村庄最重要的组织原则和地方表征,是延续南亚殖民遗产和种姓文化的土壤,而巴基斯坦农村地区的地理隔绝和长期建立的社会结构是维持比拉达利的有利条件.
Abstract
Pakistani society is rooted in primordial ties,family,biradari,tribe,and ethnicity are social unites that define an individual's place in society and inform her/his beliefs and behaviors.As an important historical and cultural heritage of South Asia and the most important organizing principle within some community,biradari links the network between relatives and friends,individuals and families,and is vital to the personal and family life of Muslims in Punjab.In practice,biradari has a meaning that goes far beyond kinship per se,encompassing multiple layers of patrilineage,endogamous groups,kinship groups,collection of related households,and social system,covering the domains of marriage,family,occupation,caste,and politics and constituting a widespread local system that is deeply rooted in Pakistani society.Meanwhile,biradari provides the most important organizing principle and local representation of the Punjabi village,the soil for perpetuating the colonial legacy and caste culture of South Asia,and the geographical isolation and long-established social structure of rural Pakistan are the enabling conditions for sustaining biradari.
基金项目
国家社会科学基金重点项目(23AZJ006)
陕西师范大学研究生领航人才基金(LHRCTS23048)
陕西师范大学"一带一路"专项科研项目(2023)(23YDYLZ003)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据