Retreat to Advance:The"De-radicalization"of European Right-wing Populist Parties
European right-wing populist parties have shown a trend towards"de-radicalization"in the past years.To illustrate the causal mechanism behind such a phenomenon,this article in-tends to construct an analytical framework based on compound competition involving the electoral system and party structure and with the Rassemblement National as a case study.In terms of the electoral system,the stimulations from electoral rules,national resources and second-order elections have triggered the shaping competition,reflecting the logic of seeking differences and pursuing for comparable strength with mainstream parties.In terms of the party structure,the imitations related to campaign issues,mobilization structure and role position have triggered the adaptive competition,reflecting the logic of seeking common ground and pursuing for a similar image with mainstream parties in some fields."De-radi-calization"is critically confusing and actually an adjustment of the campaign strategy rather than a fundamental shift in values,which can be summarized as a"retreat to advance"strategy,aiming to enhance strength and improve image for pursuing governing positions.It will exacerbate the crisis of responsiveness and representativeness faced by the mainstream parties and probably further challenge the democratic effectiveness of the European coun-tries.
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