Degradation of Security Culture,Eastward Expansion of NATO Deterrence and Transformation of the European Security Architecture—Dynamics from Central and Eastern European Countries
Deterrence and defense,as NATO's core strategies,are the main pillars for maintaining the effectiveness of the transatlantic alliance's unity and collective security assurance.Af-ter the end of the Cold War,NATO once shifted the basis of its security strategy from de-terrence to defense.With NATO's eastward expansion,the friendship security culture gen-erated by its interaction with Russia had gradually been replaced by a culture of competi-tion.With the outbreak of the Crimean and Ukrainian crises,the culture of competition be-tween NATO and Russia has gradually given way to a culture of hostility.The degradation of the security culture led to a consequent reorientation of NATO's strategic positioning to-ward Russia.NATO changed its long-sustained extended deterrence strategy implemented in Central and Eastern Europe(CEE)in the post-Cold War period and shifted to forward deterrence.The existing studies have focused on explaining the reasons for the eastward ex-pansion of NATO's deterrence and its dynamics from the structural perspective of US-Rus-sia interactions,which have paid limited attention to the role of CEE countries as amplifiers and purveyors of security anxieties.This article attempts to use security culture within the constructivist theory as an explanatory variable,focusing on how the CEE countries influ-ence the security culture between NATO and Russia so as to intensify the eastward expan-sion of NATO deterrence,thus accelerating the transformation of the European security structure in terms of its basic architecture and center of gravity of balance of power.
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