摘要
2024年7月,英国举行议会下院选举.这是它正式退出欧盟后的首次大选,其结果对英国未来的内外政策具有重要影响.此次大选反映出英国政治生态中的一些重要变化,特别是在选民偏好和政党格局方面.在选民偏好方面,民众不仅对政治越来越冷漠,而且其政党偏好也更具流动性和易变性,这也凸显了英国选举制度长期以来存在的民主困境;在政党政治方面,随着挑战型政党力量的增强,英国政党格局碎片化进一步加剧.选民偏好的变化与挑战型政党的兴起都将对执政党的政策实施造成压力.与此同时,工党在斯塔默的领导下有意淡化意识形态,在此基础上,其经济社会政策重回中间路线;而在外交方面,以"进步现实主义"作为指导理念,安全成为优先议题,外交"安全化"趋势明显;在地区取向上,工党政府的外交政策重新聚焦于欧洲,并向"全球南方"倾斜.
Abstract
The UK held a parliamentary election in July 2024.As the first-ever general election after Brexit,its result will exert significant impacts on the UK's domestic and foreign policies.A set of changes have taken place as to the UK's political landscape,especially concerning the voters'preferences and the party politics.As to the voters'preferences,on one hand,the e-lectorate has become more apathetic to politics,and on the other hand,their party prefer-ences have become more volatile,which has highlighted the democratic deficit that is consist-ently applied to the UK's election system.As to the party politics,the strengthening of the challenger parties has intensified the fragmentation of the UK's political party system.Both the shift of electorate preferences and the rising of challenger parities will exert pressures on the policy formulation and implementation of the ruling party.At the same time,the Labour Party under the leadership of Keir Starmer has intentionally weakened the role of ideology,based on which,it has returned to a middle route in its economic and social policies.In the field of foreign policy,security becomes a priority for the Labour government which is based on the idea of"Progressive Realism",and an obvious tendency of securisation of foreign pol-icy has emerged.As to its regional policy,the Labour government has refocused its attention on Europe and tilted toward the Global South.
NETL
NSTL
万方数据