以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为原材料，N，N-二甲基甲酰胺为助溶剂，首先通过静电纺丝与高温煅烧法制备出碳纳米纤维;然后，通过电沉积法，在碳纳米纤维表面完成苯胺单体的聚合反应，制备出核壳型碳纳米纤维@聚苯胺纳米复合材料。采用 X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱、拉曼光谱以及X射线光电子能谱等测试手段对产物的物相、微观形貌、成分组成等进行了系统表征。对纳米复合材料的吸波性能测试结果表明:纳米复合材料综合吸波性能较单一碳纳米纤维有明显提升，其在 4。42 mm 厚度下，出现最强反射损耗-44。16 dB。通过研究纳米复合材料的多重反射、界面极化、导电损耗等对电磁波能量的衰减作用，阐述了多因素协同影响下的电磁波衰减方式。
Preparation of CF@PANI Nanocomposites by Electrostatic Spinning and Their Microwave Absorbing Properties
Developing high efficiency and lightweight microwave absorbing material is a feasi-ble and common strategy to solve electromagnetic radiation and pollution problem.In this paper,using polyvinylpyrrolidone as raw material and N,N-dimethylformamide as cosol-vent,carbon nanofibers were firstly prepared by electrostatic spinning and high temperature calcination process.Then,the core-shell carbon nanofiber@polyaniline nanocomposites was prepared by polymerization of aniline monomer on the surface of carbon nanofiber by by elec-trodeposition method.X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to systematically characterize the phase,microstructure and composition of the products.The electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the nanocomposite showed that its mi-crowave absorption performances were significantly improved compared with bare carbon nanofiber with the strongest reflection loss of-44.16 dB at the thickness of 4.42 mm.Ac-cording to the attenuation of incident electromagnetic wave energy aroused by multi-reflec-tion,interface polarization and conduction loss of the nanocomposites,the attenuation mech-anism under the synergistic influence of various factors was demonstrated.
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