The"Center-periphery"Pattern of Cross-border Higher Education and Its Evolution in the Era of Global Changes of a Magnitude
Cross-border higher education is one of the significant forms of internationalization in higher education in the era of globalization.Since the mid-1990s,driven by the General Agreement on Trade in Services of the WTO,cross-border higher education has rapidly developed,which promoted the capacity building of developing economies while also reinforced the"center-periphery"educational pattern.Its primary manifestations include a distinct"north-to-south"flow,leading to issues such as educational dependency,weakened educational sovereignty,economic interest-driven initiatives,new forms of indirect exploitation,and uneven educational development among nations.Against the back-drop of global changes of a magnitude,the international order and globalization have undergone trans-formation towards"decentralization"and"limited globalization"and,profoundly impacting cross-bor-der higher education.Developing countries like China and India are actively promoting the internation-alization of their own higher education,resulting in cross-border education flows in multiple directions,including"south-to-south"and"south-to-north".Regional collaborative cooperation initiatives,such as those within the European Union,Russia and CIS countries,and the shared community between China-ASEAN,are on the rise.These initiatives pose a challenge to the long-standing"center-periphery"pattern led by Western developed countries and represent the evolving trends in cross-border higher education patterns.
dependence in educationindirect exploitationinternational orderdecentralizationre-gionalization
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