首页|逝者的庆典:云南芒市景颇族喜丧仪式中的时空结构与祖先观念

逝者的庆典:云南芒市景颇族喜丧仪式中的时空结构与祖先观念

Celebration for the Dead:The Time-space Structure and Ancestor Notion in Jingpo's"Xi Sang"Ritual in Mangshi,Yunnan Province

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尊祖敬宗历来被视为中华信仰体系的核心,其中人与祖先之间双向的互惠关系是中国人信仰的主要实践.滇西芒市景颇族喜丧仪式中念指路经、跳丧葬舞与送魂仪式是景颇族记忆祖先时空模式的具体展演.指路经将逝者从生者的世界带到其祖先居住的另一个世界并成为家族中新晋的祖先,实现空间与身份的双重转变;停灵期间亲友们跳丧葬舞,舞蹈的动作包括景颇族群迁徙繁衍的过程与景颇人个体生命的历程,形成"个体—家族—族群"记忆祖先的模式;下葬七天后举行的送魂仪式彻底将逝者与生者分离,不仅是空间上的分离,更是社会结构的分野,逝者从世俗社会抽离而回到祖源地成为神圣空间的一部分,生者继续维系世俗社会的正常运行,魂归故里实际上是景颇人与祖先在宇宙秩序中的各自归位.祖先观念是景颇族信仰体系的核心,表达了景颇族自然而然地对中华民族共同体的认识和亲近.
Ancestor worship can be regarded as a component of Chinese religion.And at the heart of Chinese religious practice is the reciprocal interaction between individuals and their ancestors.The reciting of the Zhilu Jing(Guide for Soul Road),the funeral dance and the"sending the soul"ceremony,are distinctive representations of ancestor's memory of Jingpo people.The Zhilu Jing guides the dead beyond the realm of the living into the realm of their ancestors,where they undergo identity and spatial changes.They become new ancestors of their families.Family members and friends perform funeral dances during the wake that highlight the migration of the Jingpo people and personal living experiences,conveying the ancestors'recollections of the"individual-family-ethnic group".The ceremony of sending the soul totally separates the dead from the living after seven days of burial.The departed have transitioned from the secular society to the sacred world.When it comes to the cosmic order,the Jingpo people and their ancestors are actually positing.The foundation of the Jingpo people's belief system is the ancestor notion,which also reflects their close connection and comprehension of the Chinese Nation.

"Xi Sang"ritualancestor notiontime-space structureJingpo

蒋潞杨

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云南民族大学,云南 昆明 650504

喜丧仪式 祖先观念 时空结构 景颇族

2024

青海民族研究
青海民族大学民族学与社会学学院 青海民族大学民族研究所

青海民族研究

CHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.486
ISSN:1005-5681
年,卷(期):2024.35(4)