摘要
循化厅位于清朝州府县与藩部两大圈层的过渡和连接地带,是"跨体系社会"的一个典型缩影,多元且缺乏整合的基层社会带给厅治诸多考验.在各类社会纠纷的化解场景中,以国家法度、司法体系、官方审断等为代表的正式体系与以民族习惯法、乡规民约、民间调解等为代表的非正式体系融会贯通形成的半正式体系如影随形且无可替代.其运行过程中人员的全面配置、技术的灵活调整、制度的多种面向,以及范围的弹性伸缩缓冲了王朝国家"一统体制"与"有效治理"之间的矛盾,逐渐实现"多元"基础上的"一体"统合;而以平息纠纷为结果导向的治理逻辑也导致官方掌握的实际控制力长期受限.
Abstract
The Xunhua Subprefecture was in the transition and connection zone between inland counties and minority regions of the Qing Dynasty.It was a typical epitome of"cross-system society".The diverse and unintegrated grassroots society brought many tests to the administration.The semi-formal system,which constituted a synthesis of formal and informal legal traditions,was an indispensable instrument for the resolution of social disputes.It encompassed the formal system,exemplified by the state law,the judicial system,and official adjudication,and the informal system,exemplified by ethnic customary law,village regulations,and folk mediation.Its comprehensive allocation of personnel,the flexible adjustment of method,the multiple aspects of the system and the elastic expansion of the scope cushioned the contradiction between the"unified system"and"effective governance"of the unified multi-ethnic state,and gradually realized the unity and integration based on the diversity in the process of semi-formal system operation.However,the results-oriented governance logic of settling disputes had limited official actual control ability in the long run.
NETL
NSTL
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