首页|氮素形态对有色稻和常规稻生长及生理特性的影响

氮素形态对有色稻和常规稻生长及生理特性的影响

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为探讨不同氮素形态对有色稻和常规稻的影响,本试验设氮素形态(硝态氮NO3-∶铵态氮 NH4+)五个处理:T1(100∶0)、T2(75∶25)、T3(50∶50)、T4(25∶75)、T5(0∶100),研究不同氮素形态处理对有色稻(红稻 8 号)及常规稻(楚稻 2 号及合粳 16 号)生长及生理特性的影响.结果表明:T3 处理水稻的叶片叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、根干重、分蘖数均高于其他处理,且与常规稻相比,经过所有处理的红稻叶片中均具有较高的叶绿素及可溶性蛋白的含量.T3 处理合粳 16 号叶绿素含量增高了 10.8%,楚稻 2 号的增高率为10.3%,有色稻红稻增高率仅为 1.4%,说明不同氮素形态对有色稻及常规稻的影响差异较大,混合氮素形态50∶50 处理时有利于有色稻及常规稻的光合作用,从而促进可溶性蛋白的合成,且促进了根的生长和分蘖.有色稻红稻的分蘖数受到氮素形态的影响较大,混合氮素形态(50∶50)时分蘖数分别是纯硝态氮的 6 倍、纯铵态氮的 2 倍.在产量及千粒重上,有色稻与常规稻受到氮素影响的规律不同,有色稻红稻 8 号在硝铵比 50∶50时千粒重最重,达到 25.25 g,常规稻在硝铵比 25∶75 时千粒重最重,楚稻 2 号及合粳 16 号的千粒重分别为23.72 g、28.81 g.比较产量发现,有色稻在硝铵比 50∶50 时产量最高,值为 33.60 g,常规稻中楚稻 2 号在硝铵比25∶75 时产量最高,达到49.50 g,常规稻中的合粳16 号在硝铵比75∶25 时产量最高,达到49.30 g,因此与常规稻相比,红稻的总产量较低,但在硝铵比 50∶50 时能够显著地提高其产量及千粒重,从而达到提高其产量的目的.综合来看,不同氮素形态对有色稻和常规稻生长的影响有差异性,其中混合氮素形态(硝态氮NO3-∶铵态氮 NH4+=50∶50)促进了有色稻及常规稻的生长,进而提高水稻的生物量及产量.本研究为水稻种植中氮肥的施用提供技术支持,为有色稻产量的提升提供理论借鉴.
Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Colored Rice and Conventional Rice
This study took Hongdao 8,Chudao 2,and Hejing 16 as materials and treated with NO3--N and NH4+-N ratio of different gradients with 100:0,75:25,50:50,25:75,0:100 to study the physiological characteristics of rice to explore the effects of different nitrogen forms on physiological characteristics of colored rice and conventional rice.The results showed that under NO3-/NH4+ratio 50:50,the characteristics of content in leaves and the content of soluble protein and dry weight of root and tiller number of the colored rice and conventional rice were the highest.The red rice had the 5.62 mg/g chlorophyll content in leaves and 1.18 mg/g soluble protein under 50:50 NO3-/NH4+ratio,higher than conventional rice.Under the 50:50 NO3-/NH4+ratio,the increasing rate of chlorophyll content were 10.8％in the leaf of Hejing 16,10.3％of Chudao 2 and 1.4％of Hongdao 8,indicating that 50:50 NO3-/NH4+ratio was the Optimum form of mixed nitrogen for rice.The tiller number of mixed nitrogen forms(50:50)was 6 times of pure nitrate nitrogen and 2 times of pure ammonium nitrogen respectively.The highest 1000-grain weight of Hongdao 8 reached 25.25 g when the ratio of ammonium nitrate to ammonium nitrate was 50:50,while the highest 1000-grain weight of Chudao 2 and Hejing 16 reached 23.72 g、28.82 g under the NO3-/NH4+ratio was 25:75 separately.The highest yield of Colored Rice was 33.6 g when the NO3-/NH4+ratio was 50:50,while the highest yield of Chudao 2 was 49.5 g when theNO3-/NH4+ratio was25:75,and the highest yield of Hejing 16 was 49.30 g when theNO3-/NH4+ratio was 75:25.In all,the colored rice hadthe lower yield and 50:50 NO3-/NH4+ratio could increase the yield and 1000-grain weigh of red rice 8 compared with conventional rice.This study providedtechnical support for the application of nitrogen fertilizer in rice cultivation.It also provides theoretical support for the improvement of non-ferrous rice yield.

nitrogen formcolored riceconventional ricechlorophyll contentsoluble protein contentyield

魏晓梅、杨怀仙、吴丽芳

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曲靖师范学院 生物资源与食品工程学院,云南 曲靖 655011

氮素形态 有色稻 常规稻 叶绿素含量 可溶性蛋白含量 产量

2024

曲靖师范学院学报
曲靖师范学院

曲靖师范学院学报

影响因子：0.374
ISSN：1009-8879
年,卷(期)：2024.43(3)