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钢桥高强度螺栓抗延迟断裂研究

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为有效管控钢桥高强度螺栓(高栓)延迟断裂的发生,采用现状调研、有限元法和试验研究等方法分析高栓断裂原因,研究高栓用钢抗延迟断裂性能提升措施,并研发了高栓轴力精准监控技术.结果表明:高栓延迟断裂比例极低,但属于关键问题,应尽量避免;高栓断裂位置多在螺栓头与直杆、直杆与丝杆、丝杆与螺母交界处应力集中部位,超拧会显著增加延迟断裂概率,高栓材料强度高使其氢脆敏感性大、应力集中,这是导致高栓氢致延迟断裂的主要原因;建议既有10.9级高栓用钢抗拉强度上限采用1 190 MPa,研制的新型高栓用钢SRQS1可有效提升原材料的抗延迟断裂性能;研发的钢桥高栓连接施工智能管控系统及提出的基于超声波测量的在役高栓轴力测试方法,为高栓施工期和运营期轴力的精准监控提供了重要支撑.
Research on Delayed Fracture of High-Strength Bolts in Steel Bridge
To effectively control the delayed fracture of high-strength bolts in steel bridges,numerical simulation together with experimental research were conducted to analyze the fracture causes and the measures to improve the anti-delayed-fracture performance of the steel for high-strength bolts.An axial tension control technique is proposed.It is shown that the occurrence probability of delayed fracture of high-strength bolts is narrow,but critical,which should be controlled as much as possible.The fracture mainly occurs in the stress concentrated zones in the junctures between the head and straight rod,straight rod and screw rod,and screw rod and screw nut.Overtightening of the bolt would remarkably increase the delayed fracture risk,and the high strength and sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement as well as stress concentration are considered the main causes of the hydrogen-induced delayed fracture.It is suggested to improve the limit tensile strength of the Grade 10.9 steel for the high-strength bolts to 1 190 MPa.The application of SRQS1 steel can effectively enhance the anti-delayed-fracture performance of the bolt.An intelligent bolting control system for the steel bridge is developed.An ultrasonic wave based method to measure the axial forces of bolts in existing bridges is proposed,with the intent of achieving the accurate monitoring and control of axial forces of the bolt at both the construction service stages of the bridge.

steel bridgehigh-strength boltdelayed fractureintelligent control systemaxial force measurement methodfield surveyfinite element methodtest

赵欣欣、张骏、潘永杰、范芳雄、张永健

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中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所,北京 100081

中国铁路沪杭客专公司,上海 200030

中船双瑞(洛阳)特种装备股份有限公司,河南洛阳 471002

北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京 100044

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钢桥 高强度螺栓 延迟断裂 智能管控系统 轴力测试方法 现场调研 有限元法 试验

中国工程院咨询重点课题中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划重点课题湘江实验室项目

2019-XY-122016G003-G22XJ01003

2024

10.20051/j.issn.1003-4722.2024.05.007

桥梁建设
中铁大桥局集团有限公司

桥梁建设

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.428
ISSN：1003-4722
年,卷(期)：2024.54(5)