摘要
晚明儒者焦竑在三教会通思潮的影响下提出了三教一贯的主张,并以佛道义理为儒家心性学之助翼,借此确立了深具特色的圣人观念.焦竑的圣人观以天道心性合一为形上前提,进而生发出圣人合天尊道与人性本一的命题.焦竑以孔子为理想人格,主张圣人境界要兼具儒释道三教之德,并肯定常人能够学以至圣.学人即可沿着伐意涤情尽心知性复性的路径,发挥博文反约的修养方法,由解悟至顿悟,最终发挥内在自明自足的圣人本性从而同于天道.其修养工夫在重直觉体认的基础上强调智识的重要性,为阳明心学开辟了一条智识化的新径.
Abstract
Jiao Hong,a Confucian scholar of the late Ming Dynasty,under the influence of the ideology of the three religions,put forward the idea of the consistency of the three religions,and established a distinctive conception of the saint by using Buddhism and Taoism as the wings of Confucianism in its study of the nature of mind.Jiao Hong's view of the saint takes the unity of heaven and mind as the formal premise from which he derives the proposition that the saint is united with heaven,respects the Tao,and is one with human nature.Taking Confucius as his ideal personality,he argues that a saint must possess the virtues of the three religions,Confu-cianism,Buddhism,and Taoism,and thus affirms that ordinary people can learn to be saints.Scholars can then follow the path of"cutting down the will,cleaning the feelings,exhausting the heart,knowing the nature and restoring the nature"and give full play to the cultivation method of"Bowen and Counter-contemplation"to go from understanding to enlightenment,and ultimately give full play to the inherent self-explanatory and self-sufficient saintly nature and thus be the same as the Way of Heaven.The practice of cultiva-tion emphasizes the importance of intellect on the basis of intuitive realization,opening up a new path of intellectualization for Yang-ming's philosophy.
维普
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