PISA Scientific Literacy in the Context of History,Society,and Culture
Examining the origin,content,and evolutionary patterns of PISA scientific literacy from the perspective of history,society,and culture reveals that the futuristic ideas and standardization concepts generated during the process of social modernization provide the cultural foundation for PISA scientific literacy.The rigid framework implied by the OECD's goals for science education and educational governance constrains the form of PISA scientific literacy.The content and evolutionary process of PISA scientific literacy are influenced by the research preferences of the chairperson of the scientific literacy expert group at the time,lacking a logical attribution to historical factors.As a result,this essentially renders PISA scientific literacy a foundational literacy that cannot fully showcase the developmental trends of international science education and is an educational culture that cannot be directly transferred.When recognizing and understanding PISA scientific literacy,one should adopt a cautious attitude and engage in in-depth discussions from a local perspective.