Esoteric and Exoteric:Rousseau's Dual Educational Intentions of"Simultaneous Teaching in Accordance with Students'Aptitude"
Rousseau,as an inheritor of the western traditional esoteric writing,undertakes the dual educational missions at the turning point of modernity.He not only aims to teach philosophers to engage in science and the arts,thus living a higher philosophical life,but also encourage the masses,who lack intellectual rigor,to abandon science and the arts in favor of a moral life.In this way,he seeks to avoid the popularization and degradation of philosophy,as well as the hedonization and atomization of the masses,ultimately preventing the mutual corruption of philosophy and public virtue.As a result,Rousseau adopts a mode of"writing"in education that goes beyond the limitations of textual writing to achieve the multi-level educational effect of Socratic dialogue.This entails speaking different messages to different people within the same text,thereby providing distinct educations so that individuals receive appropriate teachings according to their capacities.This kind of educational philosophy is different from the conventional"sequential teaching in accordance with students'aptitude"and can be termed"simultaneous teaching in accordance with students'aptitude".This concept helps clarify the true intent of Rousseau's educational philosophy.
Rousseauteach in accordance with students'aptitudenatural statethe exoteric teachingthe esoteric teaching
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