The Initiation of Teaching and Research Activities in Primary and Middle Schools in China——An Investigation into the Academic History
Abstrat:Teaching and research activities in primary and middle schools have played a significant role in shaping China's educational workforce.However,its initiation of these activities remains a challenging issue due to a long-standing lack of comprehensive historical investigation.As a result,it is necessary to systematically trace the origins of teaching and research activities in their entirety.This research has found that the initiation of such activities in primary and middle schools in China should meet three requirements:the development of modem schools;the estabishment of a modern schooling system;the emergence of teachers as independent practitioners.It is inferred that the teaching and research activities in primary and middle schools in China began during the late Qing and early Republican period based on the aforementioned circumstances and the specific time of these activities.Therefore,these activities did not originate in the late Qing Dynasty or the Republic of China,nor did they start before the establishment of the People's Republic of China.Teaching and research activities took shape through external learning and internal creation.External learning,primarily from Japan,served as the foundation,while internal innovation was the core.Examples of these activities in China include teaching institutes,branch studies for school teachers,lesson planning,collective lesson preparation,observation meetings,and reading consultation meetings.This not only established the prototype for China's current teaching and research activities,but also indicates that these activities were neither entirely self-created nor solely products of learning from the Soviet Union.At that time,Yan Xiu and Zhang Bo-ling played significant roles in the early development of teaching and research activities,focusing on preserving the nation through education rather than solely on teacher training.
teaching and research activitiesthe late Qing and early Republican periodexternal learning and internal creationpreserve the nation through education
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