Performance Assessment for Critical Thinking Development:Mechanisms,Structure,and Strategies
Critical thinking is one of the core competencies for 21st century learners,yet it is challenging to assess through traditional paper-and-pencil tests.As an emerging assessment approach,performance assessment not only evaluates critical thinking more effectively,but also facilitates its development by:creating authentic contexts to promote learning motivation;presenting new problems and conflicting information to trigger higher-order cognitive processes;and using scoring rubrics to make critical thinking instruction explicit.Based on this,performance assessment designed to promote critical thinking mainly consists of performance objectives that integrate cognitive skills with affective dispositions,performance tasks rooted in contexts involving controversial issues,and scoring rubrics aligned with the progression of thinking.When applying it,we should pay attention to embedding performance assessments into the unit instruction across all school subjects,creating a dialogic environment to guide students'epistemological beliefs from absolutism to to evaluativism,and using scoring rubrics to support the synergistic reflection on critical thinking principles and subject knowledge.
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