An Analysis of the Recruitment of Servants in the Official Fields of the Two Song Dynasties
The government land recruitment began with the transmutation of the system of government land service in the Tang and Song dynasties.At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty,the court began to spe-cially recruit customers to cultivate government fields,and presented the management style and characteristics of"service".Afterwards,in the Northern Song Dynasty,the government also managed the recruitment of households for official land through the issuance of household certificates and the establishment of"book of records".As a result,not only did it lay the foundation for the operation of the government land's long-term servitude tenants,but it also brought a large number of floating tenants back into the system of land and state governance.However,in the Southern Song Dynasty,the connotation of the management of government land has been changed from recruiting tenants for service and returning floating tenants to the urgent military needs and sufficient financial use,which was manifested in the way that a large number of the settled households were permitted to join the government land and strengthened the personal control over the recruited tenants to achieve the goal of enrichment.In contrast to the developed free tenancy system of the Song Dynasty,the reverse expansion of the government land for the recruited tenants is not without its benefits in terms of re-conceptualizing the issues of personal control and servitude in the Song economy,as well as the paths of under-standing for the governance of the state.
government landtenantsexemption from servicehousehold register
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