Reshaping Modern Rational Civilization with Autonomous Moral Practices——Reflections on Modernity by Neo-Marxist Theorists in Eastern Europe
After the radical social changes in Soviet and East Europe,the neo-Marxist theorists of Eastern Europe,who were important members of the group of thinkers in the 20th century,gave in-depth thought to the question of modernity.They regarded the moral spirit of the community and the generation of each indi-vidual's moral personality as the radical needs of mankind and man himself and an intrinsic part of overall social change,and they advocated the reshaping of modern rational civilization through autonomous moral practice.By analyzing the paradoxes of modernity and its moral consequences,revealing the logic of moder-nity's rationalization and the social production of its moral crisis,they propose to construct the moral self with conscience and responsibility,and to cultivate and generate moral individuals and ethical communities,so as to legitimize modernity in practice.The theory is still a theory of modernity,aiming at the real realization of the essence and value of modernity,in which the spiritual kernel is Marxian moral vision and humanitarianism,and thus it can be considered as a materialization of Marxist humanitarianism.However,it is clear that we should not expect their ethical critique of modernity to provide a complete and relevant explanation of the world we live in.The question of how to think about world history and revolutionary practice in new historical conditions,starting from Marx's doctrine and all other useful intellectual legacies,remains a problem that we have yet to solve.
Modernityethical critiqueNeo-Marxism in Eastern EuropeanZygmunt BaumanAgnes Heller
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