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技术变革下中国电动汽车产业高质量发展的挑战与应对策略

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党的二十届三中全会指出,开放是中国式现代化鲜明标识,在扩大国际合作中提升开放能力,深化对外投资管理体制改革.在此背景下,高质量"走出去"是题中应有之义.当前,电动汽车品牌及其产品在加速走出国门、积极探索全球化新航路的同时,所面临的贸易保护主义和贸易摩擦风险逐渐上升.在此背景下,本文对欧盟、美国、东盟等主要出口目的地的贸易保护主义措施进行梳理,并探讨中国电动汽车"走出去"所具备的机遇.研究发现,欧盟针对性反补贴调查已使中国电动汽车"走出去"的步伐放缓,且未来绿电壁垒和原产地原则将进一步趋严;除大力补贴本土生产车型外,美国本土供应链建设进程进一步加快.产业技术变革为中国电动汽车提供广阔的全球市场增量空间,垂直供应链规模化效应为其"走出去"提供高质量发展基础.因此,可参考日本汽车企业通过紧跟市场需求、搭建政商关系网等方式拓展国际市场,并完善售后体验等增值服务,提前规划科学合理的减排路径,推动中国电动汽车产品、品牌、技术的全面"走出去",从而巩固中国电动汽车的产业优势、助力汽车产业高质量发展.
The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed that opening up is a distinctive feature of Chinese-style modernization,and that it is necessary to enhance the capacity of openness and deepen the reform of the foreign investment management system in the process of expanding international cooperation.In this context,high-quality"going global"is an inevitable requirement.At present,while electric vehicle brands and their products are accelerating to go abroad and actively exploring new paths of globalization,the risks of trade protectionism and trade friction are gradually increasing.So this paper reviews trade protectionist measures in major export destinations such as the European Union,the United States and ASEAN,and explores the opportunities for China's electric vehicles to"go global".It is found that the targeted anti-subsidy investigations in the European Union has slowed down the pace of China's electric vehicles to"go global",and the future green electricity barriers and the principle of origin will be further tightened.In addition to heavily subsidizing locally produced models,the construction process of the local supply chain in the United States has been further accelerated.Industrial technological transformation provides a broad incremental space for the global market of China's electric vehicles,and the scale effect of vertical supply chain provides a high-quality development foundation for their"going global".Therefore,we should refer to Japanese automobile companies to expand the international market by keeping up with market demand and building a network of political and business relationships,and improve value-added services such as after-sales experience,plan scientific and reasonable emission reduction paths in advance,and promote the comprehensive"going global"of China's electric vehicle products,brands and technologies,so as to consolidate the industrial advantages of China's electric vehicles and help the high-quality development of the automobile industry.

electric vehiclestrade frictionsindustrial technological transformation

王静

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北京大学经济学院

中国银行研究院(北京 100032)

电动汽车 贸易摩擦 产业技术变革

2024

企业经济
江西省社会科学院

企业经济

CSTPCDCHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.933
ISSN:1006-5024
年,卷(期):2024.43(9)